Abstract

In several states, the universal gender binary has been challenged by the introduction of an official third sex. This article explains that paradigm shift in Germany by analyzing the successful introduction of a third sex category in 2018. Historical legacies of gender variance in the pre-modern and modern states are compared with the contemporary (re-)introduction of a third sex. I show that intersex activists and their transnational advocacy at the United Nations reframed the discourse from medical correction to legal protection. This study offers critical insights into the changing dynamics and meanings of gender, state power, and social movements.

中文翻译：

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从客体到主体：双性人激进主义与德国性别二元论的兴衰

摘要

在几个州，普遍的性别二元性受到引入官方第三性别的挑战。本文通过分析 2018 年成功引入第三种性别类别来解释德国的范式转变。将前现代和现代国家性别差异的历史遗产与当代（重新）引入第三种性别进行比较。我表明，双性人活动家及其在联合国的跨国倡导将话语从医疗矫正转变为法律保护。这项研究为性别、国家权力和社会运动的变化动态和意义提供了重要的见解。