This paper explores the theme of sacrifice as it appears in the writings of the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka from the 1970s on the subjects of history, metaphysics, and techno-civilization. The paper argues that the theme of sacrifice is best understood as part of an engagement with the problem of post-metaphysical philosophy, largely inspired by but also directed against the position of Martin Heidegger. These reflections are also best understood in relation to totalitarian resistance, exemplified by the self-immolation of Jan Palach in the wake of the Soviet invasion in 1968, which remains a constant, if unacknowledged presence in the background of these writings. The conception of sacrifice that emerges, in contrast to mythico-religious forms, breaks with a reliance on patterns of exchange and reward in favor of an expression of metaphysical freedom, and in turn provides the fulcrum for Patočka’s commentary on the possibility of a “demythologized” Christianity.

本文探讨了 1970 年代捷克哲学家扬·帕托奇卡 (Jan Patočka) 关于历史、形而上学和技术文明的著作中出现的牺牲主题。该论文认为，牺牲的主题最好被理解为对后形而上学哲学问题的参与的一部分，主要受到马丁海德格尔立场的启发，但也指向了马丁海德格尔的立场。这些反映也最好与极权主义抵抗联系起来理解，例如 1968 年苏联入侵后扬·帕拉赫 (Jan Palach) 的自焚，这在这些著作的背景中仍然是一个不变的存在，如果没有得到承认。与神话宗教形式相比，出现的牺牲概念，