A microgrid scenario that consists of electric vehicle (EV) station, combined heat and power (CHP) co-generation, main power grid, and external natural gas station, as well as thermal energy storage water tank is considered in this paper. By jointly considering the uncertainty of real-time electricity price, electricity and heat demands and EVs’ behaviours, the EVs’ batteries are used as energy storage adjusters to reduce the time-averaged operation cost, which includes energy acquiring cost from main power grid, the natural gas cost for CHP generation and heat only generation. We propose a real-time energy management algorithm for EV based microgrid by adopting Lyapunov stochastic optimization technique which optimizes the microgrid average cost without knowing future price, demands and other system information. Furthermore, our approach can accommodate a wide spectrum of characteristics of EVs, including the independent charging/discharging action, dynamic charging energy limits, and lifetime-guaranteed battery. Lastly, extensive simulations are provided to demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can outperform the other three alternatives.

中文翻译：

---

具有电动汽车站和热电联产发电的微电网实时能源管理

本文考虑由电动汽车 (EV) 站、热电联产 (CHP) 热电联产、主电网和外部天然气站以及热能储存水箱组成的微电网场景。综合考虑实时电价、电热需求和电动汽车行为的不确定性，将电动汽车的电池作为储能调节器，降低时均运行成本，包括从主电网获取能量的成本， CHP 发电和仅供热的天然气成本。我们提出了一种基于 EV 的微电网实时能源管理算法，采用 Lyapunov 随机优化技术，在不知道未来价格、需求和其他系统信息的情况下优化微电网平均成本。此外，我们的方法可以适应电动汽车的广泛特性，包括独立的充电/放电动作、动态充电能量限制和寿命保证的电池。最后，提供了大量的模拟来证明我们提出的算法可以胜过其他三种替代方案。