This paper presents a methodology to schedule the charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in order to maintain the loading of distribution transformer under the nameplate load while reducing charging costs. Brazilian consumption characteristics, mobility pattern and tariff structure are considered to design an optimization algorithm. While the demand of dwellings are estimated from typical load curves of a distribution utility located in the South of Brazil, the demand of EVs are estimated from mobility survey data. Adopting the current Brazilian tariff structure, coefficients of the objective function are formulated in order to schedule the charging of EVs to satisfy the following goals: limit the power demand requested to the distribution transformer, cope the demand of EVs with lower demand of dwellings and reduce the charging costs. The results shows that, in addition to prevent the overloading of distribution transformer, the charging only occurs in periods of higher tariff when necessary, whereas most of it occurs during late night and early morning, corresponding to cost reduction by purchasing energy during lower tariff prices

中文翻译：

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巴西电动汽车住宅充电调度


本文提出了一种安排电动汽车 (EV) 充电的方法，以便将配电变压器的负载保持在铭牌负载以下，同时降低充电成本。考虑巴西的消费特征、流动模式和关税结构来设计优化算法。住宅的需求是根据巴西南部配电公司的典型负载曲线估算的，而电动汽车的需求是根据流动性调查数据估算的。采用巴西现行的电价结构，制定目标函数的系数，以便安排电动汽车的充电，以满足以下目标：限制对配电变压器的电力需求，以较低的住宅需求满足电动汽车的需求，并减少充电费用。结果表明，除了防止配电变压器过载外，仅在必要时才在高电价时段进行充电，而充电大多发生在深夜和凌晨，这与在电价较低时购买能源降低成本相对应