The application of pure molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) film as solid lubricant is limited due to its low hardness and high friction coefficient in the atmosphere. It is reported that the hardness can be improved by doping metal elements into MoS₂, while the friction coefficient can be reduced by the formation of curved micro-nano structure of MoS₂. Thus, doping metal atoms with catalytic properties such as Cu into MoS₂, to form turbulence-like micro-nano structure has the potential to simultaneously increase hardness and decrease friction coefficient. In our work, we deposit Cu/MoS₂ films with turbulence-like structure (TL-MoS₂) using magnetron sputtering technology, which exhibit higher hardness and lower friction coefficient in the atmosphere than pure MoS₂. When the Cu content reaches 15.9 at.%, Cu atoms with catalytic properties induce the formation of curved S-Mo-S layers and forms TL-MoS₂. Cu incorporation results in the change of preferred orientation of film from (100) plane for pure MoS₂ to (002) plane for Cu/MoS₂, accompanied by the densification of the structure. The hardness of Cu/MoS₂ is approximately 10 times higher than that of pure MoS₂ due to the denser structure and TL-MoS₂. It is worth mentioning that TL-MoS₂ contributes to the improvement of the hardness by extending the strength of the planar network into a three-dimension space network. Moreover, TL-MoS₂ prevents oxidation and promotes the formation of MoS₂ tribofilm during sliding, leading to a significant reduction of the friction coefficient to 0.07 ± 0.01 in the atmosphere, which is 3 times lower than that of pure MoS₂ film. Our strategy provides guidance for preparing metal doped MoS₂ films with excellent mechanical and tribological properties for application in the atmosphere.

纯二硫化钼（MoS ₂）薄膜由于其硬度低、在大气中的摩擦系数高，限制了其作为固体润滑剂的应用。据报道，在MoS _{2 中}掺杂金属元素可以提高硬度，而通过形成弯曲的MoS ₂微纳米结构可以降低摩擦系数。因此，将具有催化性能的金属原子（如Cu）掺杂到MoS _{2 中}，形成湍流状的微纳米结构具有同时增加硬度和降低摩擦系数的潜力。在我们的工作中，我们沉积了具有湍流状结构的Cu/MoS ₂薄膜（TL-MoS ₂) 采用磁控溅射技术，与纯 MoS ₂相比，在大气中表现出更高的硬度和更低的摩擦系数。当 Cu 含量达到 15.9 at.% 时，具有催化性能的 Cu 原子会诱导形成弯曲的 S-Mo-S 层并形成 TL-MoS ₂。Cu的掺入导致薄膜的择优取向从纯MoS _{2 的}(100)面变为Cu/MoS _{2 的}(002)面，伴随着结构的致密化。由于更致密的结构和TL-MoS ₂，Cu/MoS ₂的硬度比纯MoS ₂的硬度高约10倍。值得一提的是，TL-MoS ₂通过将平面网络的强度扩展为三维空间网络，有助于提高硬度。此外，TL-MoS ₂在滑动过程中防止氧化并促进MoS ₂摩擦膜的形成，导致大气中的摩擦系数显着降低至0.07±0.01，比纯MoS ₂膜低3倍。我们的策略为制备具有优异机械和摩擦学性能的金属掺杂 MoS ₂薄膜提供了指导，以应用于大气。