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Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Journal of Spectroscopy ( IF 2 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-09 , DOI: 10.1155/2021/6629640
Imtiaz Ahmad 1 , Suhail H. Serbaya 2 , Ali Rizwan 2 , Malik Sajjad Mehmood 1
Affiliation  

Introduction of modern technologies and methods and quality analysis for the gemstone industry are the main strategic initiatives of the Small and Medium Development Authority (SMEDA) of Pakistan. In this regard, four natural gemstones Quartz, Pyrope-Almandine Garnet, Black tourmaline, and Amethyst brought from Hunza valley Pakistan were analyzed by state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques including EDX, UV-VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy. EDX revealed the traces of Fe, Mg, and Ca in Pyrope-Almandine garnet, Mg and Fe in Black tourmaline, Au and Ca in Amethyst. UV-VIS data revealed the values of Urbach energies 520, 210, 460, and 430 meV, and the values of direct bandgap energies 5.14, 6.12, 5.54, 5.74 eV, respectively. The higher structural disorder due to the presence of Fe and other impurities in stones except Quartz was attributed to the higher values of Urbach energies and decrease in band gaps: FTIR data Fe-O and Si-O stretching vibration in Pyrope-Almandine garnet, Si-O bending vibrations and O-H stretching vibration in Quartz, Si-O-Si bending and stretching vibrations and C=O stretching vibrations in Black tourmaline, Ca-O stretching vibrations and Si-OH weak-vibrations in Amethyst. Photoluminescence results also showed useful information in investigating the properties of gemstones.

中文翻译:

中小型企业 (SME) 利用宝石质量和潜力的光谱分析

为宝石行业引入现代技术和方法以及质量分析是巴基斯坦中小型发展局 (SMEDA) 的主要战略举措。在这方面,采用最先进的光谱技术,包括 EDX、UV-VIS 和 FTIR 光谱分析了从巴基斯坦罕萨河谷带来的四种天然宝石石英、Pyrope-Almandine Garnet、黑碧玺和紫水晶。EDX 揭示了 Pyrope-Almandine 石榴石中的 Fe、Mg 和 Ca 痕迹,黑色电气石中的 Mg 和 Fe,以及紫水晶中的 Au 和 Ca。UV-VIS 数据显示 Urbach 能量值分别为 520、210、460 和 430 meV,直接带隙能量值分别为 5.14、6.12、5.54、5.74 eV。由于除石英外的宝石中存在 Fe 和其他杂质而导致的更高结构无序归因于 Urbach 能量值较高和带隙减小:FTIR 数据 Fe-O 和 Si-O 在 Pyrope-Almandine 石榴石、Si 中的伸缩振动石英中的 -O 弯曲振动和 OH 伸缩振动,黑电气石中的 Si-O-Si 弯曲和伸缩振动和 C=O 伸缩振动,紫水晶中的 Ca-O 伸缩振动和 Si-OH 弱振动。光致发光结果还显示了研究宝石特性的有用信息。黑碧玺中的 Si-O-Si 弯曲和伸缩振动和 C=O 伸缩振动,紫水晶中的 Ca-O 伸缩振动和 Si-OH 弱振动。光致发光结果还显示了研究宝石特性的有用信息。黑碧玺中的 Si-O-Si 弯曲和伸缩振动和 C=O 伸缩振动,紫水晶中的 Ca-O 伸缩振动和 Si-OH 弱振动。光致发光结果还显示了研究宝石特性的有用信息。
更新日期:2021-07-09
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