Glucotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is associated with alterations of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mitochondria and ER form a network in cells that controls cell function and fate. Mitochondria of the pancreatic β cell play a central role in the secretion of insulin in response to glucose through their ability to produce ATP. Both organelles interact at contact sites, defined as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which were recently implicated in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here, we review MAM functions in the cell and we focus on the crosstalk between the ER and Mitochondria in the context of T2D, highlighting the pivotal role played by MAMs especially in β cells through inter-organelle calcium exchange and glucotoxicity-associated β cell dysfunction.

2 型糖尿病中糖毒性诱导的 β 细胞功能障碍与线粒体和内质网 (ER) 的改变有关。线粒体和 ER 在细胞中形成控制细胞功能和命运的网络。胰腺β细胞的线粒体通过其产生ATP的能力在响应葡萄糖的胰岛素分泌中发挥核心作用。两种细胞器在接触部位相互作用，定义为线粒体相关膜 (MAM)，最近与葡萄糖稳态的调节有关。在这里，我们回顾了细胞中的 MAM 功能，并重点关注 T2D 环境下 ER 和线粒体之间的串扰，强调 MAM 通过细胞器间钙交换和糖毒性相关的 β 细胞功能障碍发挥的关键作用，尤其是在 β 细胞中.