Titanium-based orthopaedic/dental implants modified with various metal-doping strategies can enhance local therapy and bioactivity. Intentional or unintentional (because of loading and wear) release of metal ions/nanoparticles (NPs) from metal-doped implants can be therapeutic or cause adverse local tissue reactions, compromising long-term survival. Strategies to incorporate metals into implants, such as superficial or deep loading inside nano-engineered surfaces, including nanotubes, and the physiochemical characteristics of the released species significantly influence both their therapeutic and cytotoxic potential. In this review, we compare and contrast this ‘double-edged sword’ to arrive at an improved understanding of metal-doped implants to enable controlled therapy while minimising cytotoxicity concerns.

用各种金属掺杂策略修饰的钛基骨科/牙科植入物可以增强局部治疗和生物活性。金属掺杂植入物有意或无意（由于负载和磨损）释放金属离子/纳米颗粒 (NPs) 可能是治疗性的或引起不良的局部组织反应，从而损害长期生存。将金属掺入植入物的策略，例如在纳米工程表面（包括纳米管）内的表面或深层负载，以及释放物种的物理化学特性显着影响它们的治疗和细胞毒性潜力。在这篇综述中，我们比较和对比了这把“双刃剑”，以更好地理解金属掺杂植入物，从而实现可控治疗，同时最大限度地减少细胞毒性问题。