The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader deployment problem (RDP) is a key challenge in the planning of RFID networks. The majority of the current research uses metaheuristic algorithms to solve the multi-objective RDP for unconstrained deployment of readers possessing omnidirectional antennae. The increasing adoption of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology and smart directional antennae will make the RDP even more challenging. The contributions of this work are: firstly, modelling a novel RDP formulation as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP); secondly, incorporating both directional and omnidirectional antenna models into the RDP; and, lastly, introducing an adapted Leaders and Followers (LaF) solution algorithm for the RDP. The proposed LaF algorithm results in reduced energy use and interference reduction in comparison to other popular metaheuristic algorithms. The proposed MINLP model is also used to demonstrate the advantage of deploying readers possessing diverse antennae coverage compared to the exclusive use of omnidirectional antennae.

射频识别 (RFID) 阅读器部署问题 (RDP) 是 RFID 网络规划中的一个关键挑战。目前的大部分研究使用元启发式算法来解决多目标 RDP，以无约束部署拥有全向天线的阅读器。物联网 (IoT) 技术和智能定向天线的日益普及将使 RDP 更具挑战性。这项工作的贡献是：首先，将新的 RDP 公式建模为混合整数非线性程序 (MINLP)；其次，将定向和全向天线模型合并到 RDP 中；最后，为 RDP 引入了经过调整的领导者和追随者 (LaF) 解决方案算法。与其他流行的元启发式算法相比，所提出的 LaF 算法可减少能源使用和干扰。所提出的 MINLP 模型还用于证明与仅使用全向天线相比，部署具有不同天线覆盖范围的阅读器的优势。