We aggregate the transverse momentum spectra of J/ψ mesons produced in high energy gold–gold (Au–Au), deuteron–gold (d−Au), lead–lead (Pb–Pb), proton–lead (p–Pb), and proton–(anti)proton (p–p(p¯)) collisions measured by several collaborations at the Relativistic Heavy Ion collider (RHIC), the Tevatron Proton–Antiproton Collider, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The collision energy (the center-of-mass energy) gets involved in a large range from dozens of GeV to 13 TeV (the top LHC energy). We consider two participant or contributor partons, a charm quark and an anti-charm quark, in the production of J/ψ. The probability density of each quark is described by means of the modified Tsallis–Pareto-type function (the TP-like function) while considering that both quarks make suitable contributions to the J/ψ transverse momentum spectrum. Therefore, the convolution of two TP-like functions is applied to represent the J/ψ spectrum. We adopt the mentioned convolution function to fit the experimental data and find out the trends of the power exponent, effective temperature, and of the revised index with changing the centrality, rapidity, and collision energy. Beyond that, we capture the characteristic of J/ψ spectrum, which is of great significance to better understand the production mechanism of J/ψ in high energy collisions.

中文翻译：

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高能碰撞中J/ψ介子横向动量谱的系统分析

我们聚合了横向动量谱Ĵ/ψ高能金-金（Au-Au）、氘-金（d-Au)、铅-铅 (Pb-Pb)、质子-铅 (p–Pb) 和质子–(反)质子 (p–p(p¯)) 由相对论重离子对撞机 (RHIC)、Tevatron 质子-反质子对撞机和大型强子对撞机 (LHC) 的多个合作项目测量的碰撞。碰撞能量（质心能量）涉及从几十 GeV 到 13 TeV（顶级 LHC 能量）的大范围。我们考虑两个参与者或贡献者部分，一个粲夸克和一个反粲夸克，Ĵ/ψ. 每个夸克的概率密度通过修正的 Tsallis-Pareto 型函数（TP 样函数）来描述，同时考虑到两个夸克对Ĵ/ψ横向动量谱。因此，应用两个类 TP 函数的卷积来表示Ĵ/ψ光谱。我们采用上述卷积函数对实验数据进行拟合，找出幂指数、有效温度和修正指数随中心性、速度和碰撞能量变化的趋势。除此之外，我们捕捉到的特征Ĵ/ψ谱，对更好地了解其产生机制具有重要意义。Ĵ/ψ在高能碰撞中。