Ecosystem transformation involves the emergence of persistent ecological or social–ecological systems that diverge, dramatically and irreversibly, from prior ecosystem structure and function. Such transformations are occurring at increasing rates across the planet in response to changes in climate, land use, and other factors. Consequently, a dynamic view of ecosystem processes that accommodates rapid, irreversible change will be critical for effectively conserving fish, wildlife, and other natural resources, and maintaining ecosystem services. However, managing ecosystems toward states with novel structure and function is an inherently unpredictable and difficult task. Managers navigating ecosystem transformation can benefit from considering broader objectives, beyond a traditional focus on resisting ecosystem change, by also considering whether accepting inevitable change or directing it along some desirable pathway is more feasible (that is, practical and appropriate) under some circumstances (the RAD framework). By explicitly acknowledging transformation and implementing an iterative RAD approach, natural resource managers can be deliberate and strategic in addressing profound ecosystem change.

中文翻译：

---

管理 RADical 生态系统变化：应用 Resist-Accept-Direct (RAD) 框架

生态系统转型涉及持久的生态或社会生态系统的出现，这些系统与先前的生态系统结构和功能发生显着和不可逆转的分歧。为了响应气候、土地利用和其他因素的变化，这种转变正在全球范围内以越来越快的速度发生。因此，适应快速、不可逆转变化的生态系统过程的动态视图对于有效保护鱼类、野生动物和其他自然资源以及维持生态系统服务至关重要。然而，管理具有新颖结构和功能的状态的生态系统是一项固有的不可预测和艰巨的任务。管理生态系统转型的管理者可以从考虑更广泛的目标中受益，而不是传统地关注抵制生态系统的变化，还要考虑在某些情况下（RAD 框架）接受不可避免的变化还是将其引导到一些理想的路径上更可行（即实际和适当）。通过明确承认转型并实施迭代 RAD 方法，自然资源管理者可以在应对深刻的生态系统变化时进行深思熟虑并具有战略意义。