Antibiotics are essential molecules for the treatment and prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. However, drugs that combat microbial infections can become a human health threat due to their high and often indiscriminate consumption, considered one of the factors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. The AMR crisis, the decrease in new drug development by the pharmaceutical industry, and reduced economic incentives for research have all reduced the options for treating infections, and new strategies are necessary, including the return of some traditional but “forgotten” antibiotics. However, prescriptions for these older drugs including nitrofurantoin and oral fosfomycin, have been based on the results of pioneer studies, and the limited knowledge generated 50–70 years ago may not be enough. To avoid harming patients and further increasing multidrug resistance, systematic evaluation is required, mainly for the drugs prescribed for community-acquired infections, such as urinary tract infections (UTI). Therefore, this review has the objective of reporting the use of two classic drugs from the nitrofuran and phosphonic acid classes for UTI control nowadays. Furthermore, we also explore new approaches used for these antibiotics, including new combination regimes for spectral amplification, and the prospects for reducing bacterial resistance in the fight against bacteria responsible for UTI.

抗生素是治疗和预防许多传染病的必需分子。然而，抗击微生物感染的药物由于大量且经常被滥用而成为人类健康的威胁，这被认为是出现抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 的因素之一。AMR 危机、制药业新药开发的减少以及研究经济激励的减少都减少了治疗感染的选择，因此需要新的策略，包括恢复一些传统但“被遗忘”的抗生素。然而，这些老药的处方，包括呋喃妥因和口服磷霉素，都是基于先驱研究的结果，50-70 年前产生的有限知识可能还不够。为避免伤害患者并进一步增加多药耐药性，需要进行系统评估，主要是针对社区获得性感染（如尿路感染 (UTI)）的处方药。因此，本综述的目的是报告目前硝基呋喃类和膦酸类两种经典药物在 UTI 控制中的应用。此外，我们还探索了用于这些抗生素的新方法，包括用于光谱放大的新组合方案，以及在对抗引起 UTI 的细菌中降低细菌耐药性的前景。这篇综述的目的是报告当今使用硝基呋喃和膦酸类两种经典药物控制 UTI 的情况。此外，我们还探索了用于这些抗生素的新方法，包括用于光谱放大的新组合方案，以及在对抗引起 UTI 的细菌中降低细菌耐药性的前景。这篇综述的目的是报告当今使用硝基呋喃和膦酸类两种经典药物控制 UTI 的情况。此外，我们还探索了用于这些抗生素的新方法，包括用于光谱放大的新组合方案，以及在对抗引起 UTI 的细菌中降低细菌耐药性的前景。