The bow shape is the most critical factor to determine the icebreaking performance of an icebreaker. Mechanism study on the icebreaking process for different bow types is necessary for the initial design of the icebreaker hull form. This paper proposed an ice-ship interaction model based on the meshfree method, Peridynamics, in which the geometric mathematics concept is embedded to detect the contact between material points and ship hull. Furthermore, a fast contact detection algorithm based on Massage Passing Interface (MPI) solver is built to improve the computational efficiency of the developed numerical method. Two typical icebreaker bows, the conventional bow and the unconventional bow, breaking the level ice with constant speed is numerically studied by the above model. The results of the conventional icebreaker bow are compared with the experimental results, which verifies the simulation accuracy of the model developed in the present work. Afterwards, the icebreaking modes and icebreaking loads of two different shapes of icebreaker bows are compared and analysed. The results show that the developed ice-ship interaction model effectively predicts differences of icebreaking processes between different icebreakers, such as ice damage pattern, ice loads, and channel, despite their common point in domain bending failure mode. Moreover, this research significantly improves computational efficiency and provides theoretical guidance for designing the icebreaker bow.

船首形状是决定破冰船破冰性能的最关键因素。不同船首类型的破冰过程机理研究对于破冰船船体形式的初步设计是必要的。本文提出了一种基于无网格方法近场动力学的冰船相互作用模型，其中嵌入了几何数学概念来检测物质点与船体之间的接触。此外，建立了一种基于按摩传递接口（MPI）求解器的快速接触检测算法，以提高所开发数值方法的计算效率。利用上述模型对两种典型的破冰船船首，即常规船首和非常规船首，进行恒速破冰的数值研究。将常规破冰船船首的结果与实验结果进行了对比，验证了本文所建立模型的仿真精度。随后，对两种不同形状的破冰船船首的破冰方式和破冰载荷进行了比较和分析。结果表明，开发的冰船相互作用模型有效地预测了不同破冰船之间破冰过程的差异，例如冰损伤模式、冰载荷和通道，尽管它们在域弯曲破坏模式中存在共同点。此外，该研究显着提高了计算效率，并为破冰船船首的设计提供了理论指导。对比分析了两种不同形状的破冰船船首的破冰方式和破冰载荷。结果表明，开发的冰船相互作用模型有效地预测了不同破冰船之间破冰过程的差异，例如冰损伤模式、冰载荷和通道，尽管它们在域弯曲破坏模式中存在共同点。此外，该研究显着提高了计算效率，并为破冰船船首的设计提供了理论指导。对比分析了两种不同形状的破冰船船首的破冰方式和破冰载荷。结果表明，开发的冰船相互作用模型有效地预测了不同破冰船之间破冰过程的差异，例如冰损伤模式、冰载荷和通道，尽管它们在域弯曲破坏模式中存在共同点。此外，该研究显着提高了计算效率，并为破冰船船首的设计提供了理论指导。