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Panthera gombaszoegensis (Kretzoi, 1938) from Poland in the scope of the species evolution
Quaternary International ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.07.002
Adrian Marciszak 1 , Grzegorz Lipecki 2
Affiliation  

Panthera gombaszoegensis was recorded over from 100 African and Eurasian localities, ranged between 2.5 and 0.3 Myr. Among them, seven cave sites, Żabia, Tunel Wielki, Kozi Grzbiet, Draby 3, Południowa, Biśnik, and Komarowa caves, dated in the range of 1.7–0.3 Myr, were those in Poland. They were located in Sudety Mts, Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Wieluń Upland and Holy Cross Mts. The material from Polish sites is not very numerous, being represented mostly by isolated teeth, metapodials and phalanges, however it is well informative diagnostically. From each site, except the Biśnik Cave, remains of a single large-sized individual, mostly of males, were found. The oldest record from Żabia Cave, dated on 1.7–1.5 Myr, because of lack of suifficient diagnostic features, was classified as P. gombaszoegensis. Bones from the other sites were assigned to Panthera gombaszoegensis gombaszoegensis, late Early and Middle Pleistocene chronoform widespread in Eurasia. Analysis of a large series of teeth size in the course of time does not showed any particular changes, and the size of the Eurasian jaguar was more or less comparatively large through its entire timespan occurrence.

Panthera gombaszoegensis was ecologically flexible species able to hunt in a wide prey spectrum; its size, comparable with that of a small lion Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) or island tiger Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758), guaranteed this jaguar one of the leading position among large carnivores. This was a member of stabile by 1 Myr carnivore paleoguild, single, conical-toothed cat, and it was well adapted to changed environmental conditions initiated by glacial-interglacial cycles. It seems that climate changes do not affected so much on P. gombaszoegensis as previously thought. The main factor responsible for the jaguar decline was the arrival of the Pleistocene lion, which affected negatively and caused strong competition. Because to its flexibility, jaguar was able to survive relatively longer than other ancient carnivores. Gradually as the density and abundance of the lion increased, a compact and wide geographic range started to shrink up to the form of isolated areas. Areas with the last, relict jaguar survivors were located far away one from another and overwhelmed by populations of P. s. fossilis. The final extinction of the species was between 350 and 300 kyr, and among them Polish find from the layer 19ad of Biśnik Cave should be highlighted as one of the latest Eurasian record of Panthera gombaszoegensis.



中文翻译:

Panthera gombaszoegensis (Kretzoi, 1938) 来自波兰的物种进化范围

Panthera gombaszoegensis在 100 个非洲和欧亚地区被记录,范围在 2.5 到 0.3 Myr 之间。其中,波兰的七个洞穴遗址,Żabia、Tunel Wielki、Kozi Grzbiet、Draby 3、Południowa、Biśnik 和 Komarowa 洞穴,年代在 1.7-0.3 Myr 范围内。它们位于 Sudety Mts、Kraków-Częstochowa Upland、Wieluń Upland 和 Holy Cross Mts。来自波兰站点的材料并不多,主要以孤立的牙齿、后掌和指骨为代表,但它在诊断方面提供了很好的信息。除了 Biśnik 洞穴之外,每个地点都发现了一个大型个体的遗骸,其中大部分是男性。Żabia Cave 最古老的记录,日期为 1.7-1.5 Myr,由于缺乏足够的诊断特征,被归类为P贡巴佐根 来自其他地点的骨头被分配给Panthera gombaszoegensis gombaszoegensis ,早更新世晚期和中更新世年代晚期广泛分布于欧亚大陆。随着时间的推移,对大量牙齿尺寸的分析没有显示出任何特别的变化,而欧亚美洲虎的尺寸在其整个出现的时间跨度上或多或少都比较大。

Panthera gombaszoegensis是一种生态灵活的物种,能够在广泛的猎物范围内捕猎;它的体型可与小狮子Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) 或岛虎Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) 相媲美,确保了这只美洲虎在大型食肉动物中处于领先地位。这是由 1 Myr 食肉动物古公会稳定的成员,单一的锥形齿猫,它很好地适应了由冰期-间冰期循环引发的环境条件的变化。似乎气候变化对P的影响不大。鹅掌楸正如之前所想。导致美洲虎衰落的主要因素是更新世狮子的到来,它产生了负面影响并引起了激烈的竞争。因为它的灵活性,美洲虎能够比其他古代食肉动物生存得更长。随着狮子的密度和数量逐渐增加,一个紧凑而广阔的地理范围开始缩小到孤立区域的形式。最后一个残存的美洲虎幸存者所在的地区彼此相距很远,并且被美洲虎种群淹没小号_ 化石_ 该物种的最终灭绝时间在 350 到 300 kyr 之间,其中来自 Biśnik Cave 层 19ad 的波兰发现应该被强调为最新的欧亚记录之一Panthera gombaszoegensis

更新日期:2021-07-09
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