A study was conducted on the buried soils identified at the base of the foundation of the Cabin of Peter the Great in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to help trace the Late Holocene landscape evolution in the lower reaches of the Neva River. The Cabin is a small wooden house, which was the first residence of Peter the Great in a newly emerged Saint-Petersburg. The house was built of pine logs on the Neva River's right bank. The time of its construction is now regarded as the city's founding date (1703). The pedocomplex with two buried soils has not been truncated and retains a record of the depositional environment, pedogenesis, vegetation history, and human activity before the construction of the city of Saint Petersburg. This pedocomplex was studied using various field and laboratory methods including soil morphology at macro-, meso-, and microlevels, and a full set of microbiomorphic analyses (diatoms, pollen, spores, phytoliths, plant detritus, and amorphous organic matter) supported by radiocarbon dating. The sediment sequence was formed in a contrasting depositional environment. The microbiomorphic studies indicated that the initial substrate was formed in aquatic environments. The analysis of diatoms suggested that these sediments were accumulated as a result of the River Neva breakthrough from Lake Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland ca 3500 yrs BP, which provided additional evidence for the River Neva formation. Soil analyses revealed two inundation events, with the earlier flood related to the termination of the Lake Ladoga transgression (LT) and the breakthrough of the Neva River, whereas the latter flood was likely to be connected with an increase of the fluvial activity. Those two inundation events were followed by two stages of pedogenesis. Both soils indicated the hiatus in sedimentation and were represented by Subquatic Umbric Gleysols that were the most widespread indigenous soils in the XVII century. The pollen data suggest that human impact started at ca 800 yrs BP and eventually resulted in the deforestation and the initial agricultural exploration of the study area. Saint Petersburg is the only large city in Russia that could be at risk from flooding if the sea level rises due to continuing global warming. Our research shows that the city's historical center was twice subjected to flooding in the Late Holocene, even without rises in the sea level. Therefore, the detailed analysis of the environmental dynamics within the Lower Neva area and the assessment of its possible consequences for the city are of great importance.

对俄罗斯圣彼得堡彼得大帝小屋地基底部确定的掩埋土壤进行了一项研究，以帮助追踪涅瓦河下游的晚全新世景观演变小屋是一座小木屋，是彼得大帝在新兴圣彼得堡的第一个住所。这座房子是用涅瓦河右岸的松木原木建造的。它的建造时间现在被认为是这座城市的成立日期（1703年）。具有两种埋藏土壤的土壤复合体没有被截断，并保留了沉积环境、成土作用的记录。、植被历史和圣彼得堡市建设前的人类活动。使用各种现场和实验室方法研究了这种土壤复合体，包括宏观、中观和微观水平的土壤形态放射性碳支持的全套微生物形态分析（硅藻、花粉、孢子、植硅体、植物碎屑和无定形有机物）约会. 沉积层序形成于对比鲜明的沉积环境中。微生物形态研究表明，最初的底物是在水生环境中形成的。对硅藻的分析表明，这些沉积物是大约 3500 年前从拉多加湖到芬兰湾的涅瓦河突破的结果，这为涅瓦河的形成提供了额外的证据。土壤分析揭示了两次洪水事件，较早的洪水与拉多加湖海侵（LT）的终止和涅瓦河的突破有关，而后一次洪水可能与河流活动的增加有关。这两个洪水事件之后是两个成土阶段。两种土壤都表明了沉降的中断，并由17世纪最广泛的土着土壤是水下的Umbric Gleysols 。花粉数据表明，人类影响始于约 800 年前 BP，并最终导致了研究区域的森林砍伐和最初的农业勘探。圣彼得堡是俄罗斯唯一一个因全球变暖而导致海平面上升可能面临洪水风险的大城市。我们的研究表明，即使海平面没有上升，这座城市的历史中心也曾两次在全新世晚期遭受洪水侵袭。因此，对下涅瓦河地区的环境动态进行详细分析并评估其对城市的可能影响非常重要。