Small-scale fisheries (SSF) provide crucial contributions to livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and the well-being of coastal communities worldwide. In Indonesia, 2.5 million households are involved in SSF production, yet these households are characterised by high poverty rates and vulnerability due to declining ecosystem health and climatic change. In this study we applied the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to analyse the characteristics and immediate and longer-term outcomes of 20 SSF livelihood-focused intervention programs implemented in coastal communities across the Indonesian Archipelago over the last two decades. Projects covered a wide range of spatial scales, funding providers and key participants. Factors supporting positive program outcomes included application of inclusive and holistic approaches to sustainable livelihoods, implemented and supported over appropriate time frames; use of participatory capacity development methodologies and locally-situated project facilitators; and collaborative engagement with local government, non-government organisations and private-sector actors. However, it was impossible to identify evidenced successes from a longer-term sustainability perspective. Short project timeframes, absence of baseline or monitoring data, pressure for satisfactory reports to donors, and limited post-project evaluation, together with invisibility of women’s work and non-commercial exchanges, affected the adequacy of assessments. Given the lack of post-project assessment among projects studied, a thorough review of longer-term project impacts is recommended, guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, to evaluate sustained improvements in livelihoods outcomes and environmental sustainability. This would support best-practice design and implementation of SSF livelihood-focused interventions, disseminated beyond academia, to influence policy and development to achieve socio-economic equity and environmental goals.

小型渔业 (SSF) 为全球沿海社区的生计、粮食和营养安全以及福祉做出了重要贡献。在印度尼西亚，有 250 万户家庭参与了小规模渔业生产，但由于生态系统健康状况下降和气候变化，这些家庭的贫困率和脆弱性都很高。在这项研究中，我们应用可持续生计框架来分析过去二十年在印度尼西亚群岛沿海社区实施的 20 个以 SSF 为重点的生计干预计划的特点和近期和长期结果。项目涵盖了广泛的空间尺度、资金提供者和主要参与者。支持积极的计划成果的因素包括对可持续生计应用包容性和整体性的方法，在适当的时间范围内实施和支持；使用参与式能力开发方法和本地项目促进者；与地方政府、非政府组织和私营部门参与者的协作参与。然而，从长期可持续性的角度来看，不可能确定成功的证据。项目期限短、缺乏基线或监测数据、向捐助者提交令人满意的报告的压力以及有限的项目后评估，以及妇女工作和非商业交流的不可见性，都影响了评估的充分性。鉴于所研究的项目缺乏项目后评估，建议在可持续生计框架的指导下对长期项目影响进行彻底审查，评估生计成果和环境可持续性方面的持续改善。这将支持 SSF 以生计为重点的干预措施的最佳实践设计和实施，传播到学术界之外，以影响政策和发展，以实现社会经济公平和环境目标。