While existing indices of gender equality measure the role of women’s status and position, they inadequately contextualize the broader construct of patriarchy, a social system that underlies many gender inequitable practices. An index capturing patriarchy may afford increased understanding of this social system, and may serve to complement other gender equality indices. This paper involves the development and testing of a novel composite measure, the India Patriarchy Index, to quantify the social and ideological construct of patriarchy using empirical data on family structure and gender roles. Using data from India’s National Family Health Survey, we develop an India Patriarchy Index to measure gendered social positioning in families based on sex by age, patrilocality, sex ratio imbalance among offspring, and gendered economic roles. Psychometric testing demonstrates good internal reliability and construct validity of this index, with validity indicated by its association with three gender equality indices used in India. Spatial and temporal analyses further indicate much state-level variation in India Patriarchy Index scores as well as slow change on this indicator over time, based on time trend analyses from 1992–93 to 2015–16. Results demonstrate the utility of the India Patriarchy Index to measure and track gender equality progress in India.

虽然现有的性别平等指数衡量了妇女地位和地位的作用，但它们不足以将父权制这一更广泛的结构置于背景之下，父权制是许多性别不平等做法的基础。捕捉父权制的指数可能有助于加深对这种社会制度的了解，并有助于补充其他性别平等指数。本文涉及开发和测试一种新的综合措施，即印度父权制指数，以使用关于家庭结构和性别角色的经验数据量化父权制的社会和意识形态结构。使用印度全国家庭健康调查的数据，我们开发了一个印度父权制指数，根据年龄、父系、后代性别比例失衡和性别经济角色来衡量家庭中的性别社会定位。心理测试表明该指数具有良好的内部信度和结构效度，其效度通过与印度使用的三个性别平等指数的关联来表明。根据 1992-93 年至 2015-16 年的时间趋势分析，时空分析进一步表明，印度父权制指数得分在各州一级存在很大差异，以及该指标随时间的缓慢变化。结果证明了印度父权制指数在衡量和跟踪印度性别平等进展方面的效用。基于 1992-93 年至 2015-16 年的时间趋势分析。结果证明了印度父权制指数在衡量和跟踪印度性别平等进展方面的效用。基于 1992-93 年至 2015-16 年的时间趋势分析。结果证明了印度父权制指数在衡量和跟踪印度性别平等进展方面的效用。