Colorimetric sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have attracted much attention for biosensor and chemical sensor applications. The unique optical effect of LSPR is based on the nanostructure of noble metals (e.g., Au, Ag, and Al) and the refractive index of the environment surrounding these metal nanomaterials. When either the structure or the environment of these nanomaterials is changed, their optical properties change and can be observed by spectroscopic techniques or the naked eye. Colorimetric-probe-based LSPR provides a simple, rapid, real-time, nonlabelled, sensitive biochemical detection and can be used for point-of-care testing as well as rapid screening for the diagnosis of various diseases. Gold and silver nanoparticles, which are the two most widely used plasmonic nanomaterials, demonstrate strong and sensitive LSPR signals that can be used for the selective detection of several chemicals in biochemical compounds provided by the human body (e.g., urine and blood). This information can be used for the diagnosis of several human health conditions. This paper provides information regarding colorimetric probes based on LSPR for the detection of three major chemicals in human urine: creatinine, albumin, and glucose. In addition, the mechanisms of selective detection and quantitative analysis of these chemicals using metal nanoparticles are discussed along with colorimetric-detection-based LSPR for many other specific chemicals that can be detected in urine, such as catecholamine neurotransmitters, thymine, and various medicines. Furthermore, issues regarding the use of portable platforms for health monitoring with colorimetric detection based on LSPR are discussed.

基于局部表面等离子体共振 (LSPR) 的比色传感器在生物传感器和化学传感器应用中备受关注。LSPR 独特的光学效应是基于贵金属的纳米结构（例如、Au、Ag 和 Al）以及这些金属纳米材料周围环境的折射率。当这些纳米材料的结构或环境发生变化时，它们的光学性质会发生变化，可以通过光谱技术或肉眼观察到。基于比色探针的 LSPR 提供了一种简单、快速、实时、非标记、灵敏的生化检测，可用于即时检测以及各种疾病诊断的快速筛查。金和银纳米粒子是两种最广泛使用的等离子体纳米材料，表现出强而灵敏的 LSPR 信号，可用于选择性检测人体提供的生化化合物中的几种化学物质（例如、尿液和血液）。此信息可用于诊断多种人类健康状况。本文提供了有关基于 LSPR 的比色探针的信息，用于检测人体尿液中的三种主要化学物质：肌酐、白蛋白和葡萄糖。此外，还讨论了使用金属纳米粒子对这些化学物质进行选择性检测和定量分析的机制，以及基于比色检测的 LSPR，讨论了可在尿液中检测到的许多其他特定化学物质，例如儿茶酚胺神经递质、胸腺嘧啶和各种药物。此外，还讨论了使用便携式平台进行基于 LSPR 的比色检测进行健康监测的问题。