Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands,Ecology Letters

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Species loss due to nutrient addition increases with spatial scale in global grasslands
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-09 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13838
Eric W Seabloom ₁ , Evan Batzer ₂ , Jonathan M Chase _{3,

4} , W Stanley Harpole _{3,

5,

6} , Peter B Adler ₇ , Sumanta Bagchi ₈ , Jonathan D Bakker ₉ , Isabel C Barrio ₁₀ , Lori Biederman ₁₁ , Elizabeth H Boughton ₁₂ , Miguel N Bugalho ₁₃ , Maria C Caldeira ₁₄ , Jane A Catford ₁₅ , Pedro Daleo ₁₆ , Nico Eisenhauer _{3,

17} , Anu Eskelinen _{3,

5,

18} , Sylvia Haider _{3,

19} , Lauren M Hallett ₂₀ , Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir ₂₁ , Kaitlin Kimmel ₂₂ , Marirose Kuhlman ₂₃ , Andrew MacDougall ₂₄ , Cecilia D Molina ₂₅ , Joslin L Moore ₂₆ , John W Morgan ₂₇ , Ranjan Muthukrishnan ₂₈ , Timothy Ohlert ₂₉ , Anita C Risch ₃₀ , Christiane Roscher _{3,

5} , Martin Schütz ₃₀ , Grégory Sonnier ₁₂ , Pedro M Tognetti ₂₅ , Risto Virtanen ₁₈ , Peter A Wilfahrt ₁ , Elizabeth T Borer ₁

Affiliation

Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota. St. Paul, MN, USA.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa, USA.
Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, USA.
Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK.
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT, USA.
University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Community Ecology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

The effects of altered nutrient supplies and herbivore density on species diversity vary with spatial scale, because coexistence mechanisms are scale dependent. This scale dependence may alter the shape of the species–area relationship (SAR), which can be described by changes in species richness (S) as a power function of the sample area (A): S = cA^z, where c and z are constants. We analysed the effects of experimental manipulations of nutrient supply and herbivore density on species richness across a range of scales (0.01–75 m²) at 30 grasslands in 10 countries. We found that nutrient addition reduced the number of species that could co-occur locally, indicated by the SAR intercepts (log c), but did not affect the SAR slopes (z). As a result, proportional species loss due to nutrient enrichment was largely unchanged across sampling scales, whereas total species loss increased over threefold across our range of sampling scales.

中文翻译：

由于养分添加导致的物种损失随着全球草原空间尺度的增加而增加

改变的养分供应和食草动物密度对物种多样性的影响随空间尺度而变化，因为共存机制依赖于尺度。这种尺度依赖性可能会改变物种-面积关系 (SAR) 的形状，这可以通过物种丰富度 ( S ) 作为样本面积 ( A )的幂函数的变化来描述：S = cA ^z，其中c和z是常数。我们分析了养分供应和食草动物密度的实验操作对一系列尺度（0.01–75 m ²) 在 10 个国家的 30 个草原。我们发现营养添加减少了可能在局部同时出现的物种数量，这由 SAR 截距 (log c ) 表示，但不影响 SAR 斜率 ( z )。因此，由于养分富集导致的物种损失比例在采样尺度上基本没有变化，而在我们的采样尺度范围内，总物种损失增加了三倍以上。

更新日期：2021-09-09

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