Procedural memory functioning in developmental language disorder (DLD) has largely been investigated by examining implicit sequence learning by the manual motor system. This study examined whether poor sequence learning in DLD is present in the oculomotor domain. Twenty children with DLD and 20 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were presented with a serial reaction time (SRT) task. On the task, a visual stimulus repeatedly appears in different positions on a computer display which prompts a manual response. The children were unaware that on the first three blocks and final block of trials, the visual stimulus followed a sequence. On the fourth block, the stimulus appeared in random positions. Manual reaction times (RT) and saccadic amplitudes were recorded, which assessed sequence learning in the manual and oculomotor domains, respectively. Manual RT were sensitive to sequence learning for the TD group, but not the DLD group. For the TD group, manual RT increased when the random block was presented. This was not the case for the DLD group. In the oculomotor domain, sequence learning was present in both groups. Specifically, sequence learning was found to modulate saccadic amplitudes resulting in both DLD and TD children being able to anticipate the location of the visual stimulus. Overall, the study indicates that not all aspects of the procedural memory system are equally impaired in DLD.

中文翻译：

---

发育性语言障碍中的内隐手动和动眼神经序列学习

发育性语言障碍 (DLD) 中的程序性记忆功能已通过检查手动运动系统的隐式序列学习进行了广泛的研究。本研究检查了 DLD 中不良的序列学习是否存在于动眼神经域。20 名患有 DLD 的儿童和 20 名年龄匹配的典型发育 (TD) 儿童接受了一系列反应时间 (SRT) 任务。在任务中，视觉刺激反复出现在计算机显示器的不同位置，提示手动响应。孩子们不知道在前三个区块和最后一个区块的试验中，视觉刺激遵循一个顺序。在第四块，刺激出现在随机位置。记录手动反应时间 (RT) 和扫视幅度，评估手动和动眼神经域中的序列学习，分别。手动 RT 对 TD 组的序列学习敏感，但对 DLD 组不敏感。对于 TD 组，当出现随机块时，手动 RT 增加。DLD 组的情况并非如此。在动眼神经领域，两组都存在序列学习。具体来说，发现序列学习可以调节扫视幅度，导致 DLD 和 TD 儿童能够预测视觉刺激的位置。总体而言，该研究表明，并非程序性记忆系统的所有方面在 DLD 中都受到同样的损害。具体来说，发现序列学习可以调节扫视幅度，导致 DLD 和 TD 儿童能够预测视觉刺激的位置。总体而言，该研究表明，并非程序性记忆系统的所有方面在 DLD 中都受到同样的损害。具体来说，发现序列学习可以调节扫视幅度，导致 DLD 和 TD 儿童能够预测视觉刺激的位置。总体而言，该研究表明，并非程序性记忆系统的所有方面在 DLD 中都受到同样的损害。