ABSTRACT

The oral cavity hosts over 700 different microbial species that produce a rich reservoir of bioactive metabolites critical to oral health maintenance. Over the last two decades, new insights into the oral microbiome and its importance in health and disease have emerged mainly due to the discovery of new oral microbial species using next-generation sequencing. This advancement has revolutionized the documentation of unique microbial profiles associated with different niches and health/disease states within the oral cavity and the relation of the oral bacteria to systemic diseases. However, less work has been done to identify and characterize the unique oral microbial metabolites that play critical roles in maintaining equilibrium between the various oral microbial species and their human hosts. This article discusses the most significant microbial metabolites produced by these diverse communities of oral bacteria that can either foster health or contribute to disease. Finally, we shed light on how advances in genomics and genome mining can provide a high-throughput platform for discovering novel bioactive metabolites derived from the human oral microbiome to tackle emerging infectious and systemic diseases.

中文翻译：

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口腔微生物组的代谢物：多界相互作用的重要介质

摘要

口腔拥有超过 700 种不同的微生物物种，它们产生丰富的生物活性代谢物，对口腔健康维护至关重要。在过去的二十年里，人们对口腔微生物组及其在健康和疾病中的重要性有了新的认识，这主要是由于使用下一代测序发现了新的口腔微生物物种。这一进步彻底改变了与口腔内不同生态位和健康/疾病状态相关的独特微生物谱的记录，以及口腔细菌与全身性疾病的关系。然而，在识别和表征独特的口腔微生物代谢物方面所做的工作较少，这些代谢物在维持各种口腔微生物物种与其人类宿主之间的平衡方面发挥着关键作用。本文讨论了由这些不同的口腔细菌群落产生的最重要的微生物代谢物，它们可以促进健康或导致疾病。最后，我们阐明了基因组学和基因组挖掘的进步如何提供一个高通量平台，以发现源自人类口腔微生物组的新型生物活性代谢物，以应对新出现的传染性和全身性疾病。