Using multi-beam optical tweezers is an effective and convenient way to create optical lattices and manipulate micro-particles. We study how the number of incident beams and polarization state of them and their angle of incidence influence the optical force resulting from optical lattices created on the plane of boundary to semi-infinite media on an arbitrary size dielectric spherical particle. Furthermore, based on Cartesian multi-pole expansion theory, we decomposed optical force exerted on a spherical dielectric into the gradient (conservative part) and scattering force (non-conservative part) for both Mie particles as the general case often used in laboratories and Rayleigh particles as a limited case to show that our calculations are correct. The decomposition of optical force is extremely important to optical tweezer, and it will help us understand the physical mechanism during the multi-beam trapping. Moreover, we investigate those particles' potential energy, which gives a comprehensive insight into particle trapping and the orientation of forces on the particle. Also, by examining the potential energy of the particle, the trapping stiffness can be obtained. We believe that our studies can provide helpful insights into using multi-beam optical tweezers for experimental investigators in particle arrangement or particle sorting.

使用多光束光镊是创建光学晶格和操纵微粒的有效且方便的方法。我们研究了入射光束的数量和它们的偏振态及其入射角如何影响由在边界平面上创建的光学晶格产生的光学力到任意尺寸的介电球形颗粒上的半无限介质。此外，基于笛卡尔多极展开理论，我们将施加在球形电介质上的光力分解为两个 Mie 粒子的梯度（保守部分）和散射力（非保守部分），这是实验室和瑞利常用的一般情况粒子作为一个有限的例子来表明我们的计算是正确的。光力的分解对光镊极为重要，它将帮助我们了解多光束捕获过程中的物理机制。此外，我们研究了这些粒子的势能，从而全面了解粒子捕获和粒子上的力方向。此外，通过检查粒子的势能，可以获得捕获刚度。我们相信，我们的研究可以为在粒子排列或粒子分选方面的实验研究人员使用多光束光镊提供有用的见解。