ABSTRACT

In the Patagonian region, Cortinarius is the most diverse and abundant genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi with at least 250 species. Sequestrate forms were until recently documented within the genus Thaxterogaster, a genus now known to be polyphyletic, and many were consequently transferred to Cortinarius. Original descriptions were mostly available in German and Spanish and interpretations of morphological structures outdated. Despite recent advances in Cortinarius systematics, the current classification, diversity, and ecology of sequestrate “cortinarioid” fungi in Patagonia remain unclear. The objective of this study was to provide an update on sequestrate Cortinarius of southern South America. We documented each species with morphological descriptions, photographs, basidiospore scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and molecular characterization using nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequence data. Original descriptions of taxa were also translated to English and revised based on fresh collections. We documented 24 species from Patagonia based on molecular data and conducted morphological and phylogenetic analysis for 18 previously described species based on type and reference specimens. In addition, we formally described two new species. Four additional taxa were provisionally determined as new but require further study. New ITS sequence data were produced from eight type specimens. We also provide a new name, Cortinarius gloiodes, nom. nov., for the taxon previously described as Thaxterogaster gliocyclus. In addition to the species treated in detail, we provided additional reference information and discussion on six described species that remained incompletely known or for which no recent collections were found. Of the 24 taxa documented from Patagonia, 15 species were assigned to 12 current sections in the genus Cortinarius. Analysis of spore ultrastructure showed that sequestrate forms of Patagonian Cortinarius lack a true perisporium.

摘要

在巴塔哥尼亚地区，Cortinarius是最多样化和最丰富的外生菌根真菌属，至少有 250 种。螯合形式直到最近才被记录在Thaxterogaster属中，该属现在已知是多系的，因此许多被转移到Cortinarius。原始描述大多以德语和西班牙语提供，对形态结构的解释已经过时。尽管最近在Cortinarius系统学方面取得了进展，但目前巴塔哥尼亚隔离“类皮质”真菌的分类、多样性和生态学仍不清楚。本研究的目的是提供关于隔离Cortinarius 的最新信息南美洲南部。我们使用 nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) 和 nuc 28S rDNA (28S) 序列数据记录了每个物种的形态描述、照片、担子孢子扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 图像和分子表征。分类群的原始描述也被翻译成英文，并根据新的收藏品进行了修订。我们根据分子数据记录了来自巴塔哥尼亚的 24 个物种，并根据类型和参考标本对 18 个先前描述的物种进行了形态学和系统发育分析。此外，我们正式描述了两个新物种。四个额外的分类群被暂时确定为新的，但需要进一步研究。新的 ITS 序列数据是从八个类型标本中产生的。我们还提供了一个新名称，Cortinarius glioodes , nom. 11 月，对于先前描述为Thaxterogaster gliocyclus的分类群。除了详细处理的物种外，我们还提供了关于六个描述的物种的额外参考信息和讨论，这些物种仍然不完全为人所知或没有发现最近的收藏。在巴塔哥尼亚记录的 24 个分类群中，15 个物种被分配到Cortinarius属的 12 个当前部分。孢子超微结构分析表明，巴塔哥尼亚Cortinarius 的螯合形式缺乏真正的孢子周。