Several past summer floods in Central Europe were associated with so-called Vb‑cyclones propagating from the Mediterranean Sea north-eastward to Central Europe. This study illustrates the usefulness of the parametric transfer entropy measure TE‑linear in investigating heavy Vb‑cyclone precipitation events in the Odra catchment (Poland). With the application of the TE‑linear approach, we confirm the impact of the Mediterranean Sea on precipitation intensification. Moreover, we also detect significant information exchange to Vb‑cyclone precipitation from evaporation over the European continent along the typical Vb‑cyclone pathway. Thus, the Mediterranean Sea could enhance the Vb‑cyclone precipitation by pre-moistening continental moisture source regions that contribute to precipitation downstream in the investigated catchments. Overall, the transfer entropy approach with the measure TE‑linear proved to be computationally effective and complementary to traditional methods such as Lagrangian and Eulerian diagnostics.

中文翻译：

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重 Vb 旋风降水：传递熵应用展示

过去在中欧发生的几次夏季洪水与从地中海东北向中欧传播的所谓 Vb 气旋有关。本研究说明了参数传递熵测量 TE-linear 在调查 Odra 流域（波兰）的 Vb 强旋风降水事件中的有用性。通过应用 TE 线性方法，我们确认了地中海对降水增强的影响。此外，我们还沿典型的 Vb 气旋路径检测到来自欧洲大陆蒸发的 Vb 气旋降水的重要信息交换。因此，地中海可以通过预润湿大陆水分源区域来增强 Vb 气旋降水，这些区域有助于调查集水区下游的降水。全面的，