Inflammation of the kidney is a key contributor to proliferative glomerulonephritis and kidney damage during glomerulonephritis can lead to renal failure. The immune response associated with glomerulonephritis episodes are a major determinant of patient outcomes and understanding this response is paramount for effective therapeutic treatment. Neutrophils are the first responders to sites of infection or tissue injury and is a significant cellular infiltrate during proliferative glomerulonephritis. This immune cell was initially recognized as 'blunt' nonspecific effector cells that were recruited to kill pathogens and then die quickly. However, recent studies have shown that the behavior and function of neutrophils to be substantially more complex. Neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites must be carefully regulated so that these potent cells accurately arrive at tissue sites and perform their functions without non-specific injury to other locations. As the kidney contains unique microvasculature befitting their specialized role in blood filtration, the recruitment of neutrophils in the renal environment differs from other organs. This mini-review will describe how advances in live animal (intravital) imaging led to the discovery of novel recruitment pathways in the kidney, particularly in the glomeruli, and highlight these differences to canonical neutrophil recruitment. In addition, molecular engagement of surface molecules that lead to intracellular signaling, which is followed by neutrophil capture in the glomeruli, is also briefly discussed. Finally, the contribution of other immune cells in renal neutrophil recruitment, the fate of the emigrated neutrophils after inflammation and the relevance of mouse models compared to human glomerulonephritides will also be explored.

中文翻译：

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深陷肾小球 - 见证肾脏中的中性粒细胞活体募集

肾脏炎症是增殖性肾小球肾炎的关键因素，肾小球肾炎期间的肾脏损伤可导致肾功能衰竭。与肾小球肾炎发作相关的免疫反应是患者预后的主要决定因素，了解这种反应对于有效的治疗至关重要。中性粒细胞是感染或组织损伤部位的第一反应者，并且是增殖性肾小球肾炎期间的重要细胞浸润。这种免疫细胞最初被认为是“钝”的非特异性效应细胞，它们被招募来杀死病原体，然后迅速死亡。然而，最近的研究表明，中性粒细胞的行为和功能要复杂得多。必须仔细调节向炎症部位募集中性粒细胞，以便这些有效细胞准确到达组织部位并发挥其功能，而不会对其他部位造成非特异性损伤。由于肾脏包含独特的微脉管系统，适合其在血液过滤中的特殊作用，因此肾脏环境中中性粒细胞的募集不同于其他器官。这篇小型综述将描述活体动物（活体）成像的进步如何导致在肾脏中发现新的募集途径，特别是在肾小球中，并强调这些与典型中性粒细胞募集的差异。此外，还简要讨论了导致细胞内信号传导的表面分子的分子结合，随后是肾小球中的中性粒细胞捕获。最后，