Abstract

Oil- and gas-bearing reefs are widespread in the Paleozoic of ancient (North American, East European, and Siberian) platforms. Two main types of reefs have been identified according to their morphology and paleogeographic position. Single isolated reefs formed in the setting of more or less deep-water reservoirs represent relatively symmetric (in cross-section), dome-type (pinnacle reefs), flat-top (table reefs), and atoll-type structures, which are replaced on all sides by thin deep-water clayey–siliceous–carbonate sediments. Asymmetric reefs, localized at the shallow-to-deep sea bends, are characterized by distinct morphological and lithofacies heterogeneity. Their elevation above the shallow-water back-reef deposits is small, and the slopes are rather gentle. Above the deep-water pre-reef deposits, the elevation is significant, and the slopes are often steep. Tectonic movements after the reef formation do not almost affect the volume of the solitary reef reservoir, but significantly affect the useful volume of reefs of asymmetric systems, both increasing or reducing it down to complete elimination. The internal structure of reservoirs is determined by purely lithological factors—facies zoning within the reefs.

中文翻译：

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决定油气藏结构的岩性、生物和构造因素

摘要

含油气礁广泛分布于古代（北美、东欧和西伯利亚）地台的古生界。已根据其形态和古地理位置确定了两种主要类型的珊瑚礁。在或多或少的深水储层环境中形成的单个孤立礁体代表相对对称（横截面）、圆顶型（尖峰礁）、平顶（台礁）和环礁型结构，它们被取代四面都是薄的深水粘土-硅质-碳酸盐沉积物。位于浅到深海弯曲处的不对称珊瑚礁具有明显的形态和岩相异质性。它们在浅水后礁沉积物之上的海拔很小，坡度相当平缓。在深水前礁沉积物之上，海拔显着，并且斜坡通常很陡。生物礁形成后的构造运动几乎不影响孤立礁储集层的体积，但对不对称系统生物礁的有用体积有显着影响，无论是增加还是减少到完全消除。储集层的内部结构完全由岩性因素决定——生物礁内的相区带。