Abstract

As applied to the radioactive waste vitrification technology, it was established that ruthenium exists in nitric acid solutions in the form of nitrate complexes, which decompose on heating with the release of volatile RuO₄ at a nitric acid concentration above 4 M and in the presence of nitrates decomposing on heating to NO₂.The release of RuO₄ upon heating nitric acid solutions is suppressed by the introduction of reducing agents or by the removal of nitric acid from the reaction zone. Reducing the volatility of ruthenium is also possible by making a cold protective cap on the surface of the molten glass. RuO₄ is unstable at temperatures above 100°C and decomposes into non-volatile RuO₂, which has the catalytic acceleration effect on decomposition. Decomposition of RuO₄ is also accelerated in the presence of metal surfaces. The methods for capturing ruthenium from the gas phase are considered. It is demonstrated that silica gel is not appropriate adsorbent for capturing ruthenium.

中文翻译：

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放射性废物玻璃化技术中的钌（科技信息概览）

摘要

随着施加到放射性废料玻璃化的技术，它建立钌在硝酸溶液中存在硝酸复合物的形式，其分解与挥发性的RuO的释放加热₄在以上的4M硝酸浓度和在存在硝酸盐加热分解为NO ₂。加热硝酸溶液时RuO _{4 的}释放通过引入还原剂或通过从反应区去除硝酸来抑制。还可以通过在熔融玻璃表面制作冷保护帽来降低钌的挥发性。RuO ₄在高于 100°C 的温度下不稳定并分解成非挥发性的 RuO ₂，对分解有催化加速作用。在金属表面存在的情况下，RuO _{4 的}分解也会加速。考虑了从气相中捕获钌的方法。已证明硅胶不是用于捕获钌的合适吸附剂。