Six bioretention filter columns were designed to study the effects of the bioretention system on surface runoff reduction through rainfall simulation water distribution experiments, and the relationship between the physicochemical properties of contaminated fillers and microbial community structure was analyzed. Results show that (1) the water volume and load reduction effect of traditional bioretention soil media (BSM) + 5% water treatment residue (WTR) was better than that of traditional bioretention soil media; (2) soil moisture content (SMC), carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, Cd, and Cu increased after the water distribution test, while the change of Zn in the filter columns varied; (3) species richness decreased after the experiment. In terms of microbial community structure, the top 10 dominant phyla did not change. At the genus level, Arthrobacter replaced Sphingomonas as the most abundant flora after the experiment; (4) the effects of the physicochemical properties of contaminated fillers on microbial community structure in terms of pH were not clear, but total organic carbon(TOC), total phosphorus(TP), and SMC greatly influenced the microbial community structure, while the influence of heavy metals on the relative abundance at the phylum and genus levels was not uniform.

设计了6个生物滞留滤柱，通过降雨模拟配水实验研究生物滞留系统对减少地表径流的影响，分析污染填料理化性质与微生物群落结构的关系。结果表明：（1）传统生物滞留土壤介质（BSM）+5%水处理残留物（WTR）的减水量和减荷效果优于传统生物滞留土壤介质；(2)配水试验后土壤含水量(SMC)、碳、氮、磷、Cd、Cu增加，而滤柱中Zn的变化不同；(3)实验后物种丰富度下降。在微生物群落结构方面，前10名优势门没有变化。在属水平上，实验后节杆菌取代鞘氨醇成为最丰富的菌群；(4) 污染填料的理化性质对微生物群落结构的影响在 pH 方面尚不明确，但总有机碳 (TOC)、总磷 (TP) 和 SMC 对微生物群落结构影响较大，而重金属在门和属水平上的相对丰度并不一致。