Pedigrees of most historical peach cultivars in the USA, including the widely known peach ‘Elberta’, are poorly documented or speculative, as are their phylogenetic relationships. Co-dominant microsatellite markers are a reliable tool to decipher their genetic relationships and possible parentages. In this study, twenty amplification-reliable microsatellite markers were used for genotyping of forty-eight historical, foreign, or feral peach cultivars to study their genetic and parental relationships. Based on the phylogenetic tree built with the shared allele genetic distances, these materials were grouped into five clusters, which were consistent with their coordinated partitions generated by principal coordinate analysis. The genotyping results suggested that ‘Early Crawford’ was the unknown pollen parent of ‘Elberta’ rather than ‘Oldmixon Free’ or ‘Late Crawford’, two other proposed parents. The marker results also confirmed the reported pedigrees of ‘Rio Oso Germ’ as a self-pollination of ‘Late Crawford’ and ‘Cumberland’ as a hybrid of ‘Georgia Belle’ and ‘Greensboro’. In addition, ‘J. H. Hale’ and ‘Early Elberta’ appeared to be OP outcrosses of ‘Elberta’, while ‘Dwarf Elberta’ appeared to be a bud sport of ‘Elberta’. Some genotyped materials apparently were not the original historical cultivars, which would be a main impediment for conclusive inference of parentage relationship.

美国历史上大多数桃品种的谱系，包括广为人知的桃“Elberta”，都很少被记录或推测，它们的系统发育关系也是如此。共显性微卫星标记是破译其遗传关系和可能的亲子关系的可靠工具。在这项研究中，使用 20 个可靠扩增的微卫星标记对 48 个历史、外来或野生桃品种进行基因分型，以研究它们的遗传和亲本关系。基于共享等位基因遗传距离构建的系统发育树，将这些材料分为五个簇，这与它们通过主坐标分析生成的协调分区一致。基因分型结果表明，“早克劳福德”是“艾伯塔”的未知花粉亲本，而不是另外两个提议的亲本“无奥尔德米森”或“晚克劳福德”。标记结果还证实了所报道的“Rio Oso Germ”的谱系是“Late Crawford”的自花授粉，而“Cumberland”是“Georgia Belle”和“Greensboro”的杂交种。此外，“JH Hale”和“Early Elberta”似乎是“Elberta”的OP异种，而“Dwarf Elberta”似乎是“Elberta”的萌芽运动。一些基因分型材料显然不是原始历史栽培品种，这将成为决定性推断亲缘关系的主要障碍。标记结果还证实了所报道的“Rio Oso Germ”的谱系是“Late Crawford”的自花授粉，而“Cumberland”是“Georgia Belle”和“Greensboro”的杂交种。此外，“JH Hale”和“Early Elberta”似乎是“Elberta”的OP异种，而“Dwarf Elberta”似乎是“Elberta”的萌芽运动。一些基因分型材料显然不是原始历史栽培品种，这将成为决定性推断亲缘关系的主要障碍。标记结果还证实了所报道的“Rio Oso Germ”的谱系是“Late Crawford”的自花授粉，而“Cumberland”是“Georgia Belle”和“Greensboro”的杂交种。此外，“JH Hale”和“Early Elberta”似乎是“Elberta”的OP异种，而“Dwarf Elberta”似乎是“Elberta”的萌芽运动。一些基因分型材料显然不是原始历史栽培品种，这将成为决定性推断亲缘关系的主要障碍。