We present a real-time technique for simulating accommodation and low-order aberrations (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) of the human eye. Our approach models the corresponding point spread function, producing realistic depth-dependent simulations. Real-time performance is achieved with the use of a novel light-gathering tree data structure, which allows us to approximate the contributions of over 300 samples per pixel under 6 ms per frame. For comparison, with the same time budget, an optimized ray tracer exploring specialized hardware acceleration traces two samples per pixel. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through a series of qualitative and quantitative experiments on images with depth from real environments. Our results achieved SSIM values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 and PSNR ranging from 32.4 to 43.0 in objective evaluations, indicating good agreement with the ground truth.

我们提出了一种用于模拟人眼调节和低阶像差（例如，近视、远视和散光）的实时技术。我们的方法对相应的点扩散函数进行建模，产生逼真的深度相关模拟。实时性能是通过使用一种新颖的聚光树数据结构来实现的，这使我们能够在每帧 6 ms 的情况下估算每像素 300 多个样本的贡献。相比之下，在相同的时间预算下，探索专用硬件加速的优化光线追踪器每像素追踪两个样本。我们通过对来自真实环境的深度图像进行一系列定性和定量实验来证明我们方法的有效性。我们的结果实现了范围从 0.94 到 0.99 的 SSIM 值和范围从 32.4 到 43 的 PSNR。