This study was conducted to monitor the locational variability of the contamination of toxic metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, and Fe and their associated health risks by the consumption of the metal-contaminated vegetables available in different vegetable markets of Lucknow, India. Total 294 samples were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for estimation of heavy metals in edible parts of eight vegetables. The study revealed that the presence of lead (Pb) was 2–240 fold higher above the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). The other heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, Zn, and Mn were also found in a range of 0.06–1.89 µg/g, 0.16–1.70 µg/g, 3.19–23.99 µg/g, 0.57–23.29 µg/g, 4.16–40.01 µg/g, s153.48–2817.5 µg/g, 22.03–252.10 µg/g and 4.50–214.26 µg/g which was significantly higher than the maximum allowable concentration. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated in terms of the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk factor (CRs). The Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were found to be more than the requisite value of 1 (> 1) in all vegetables through the consumption of daily intake of vegetables by people, which indicate a long term health risk in this densely populated area through the consumption of heavy metal contaminated vegetables obtained from the local vegetable markets. The corresponding carcinogenic risk factor (CRs) potential for Ni, Cr, and Cd was found significantly high in the vegetables sold in three vegetable markets of Lucknow.

本研究旨在监测有毒金属（如铬、镉、铅、镍、铜、钴、锌、锰和铁）污染的位置变异性及其相关的健康风险，这与食用受金属污染的蔬菜有关。在印度勒克瑙的不同蔬菜市场。采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP-OES) 检测了 294 个样品，用于估算 8 种蔬菜可食用部位的重金属。研究表明，铅 (Pb) 的存在比最大允许浓度 (MAC) 高 2-240 倍。其他重金属如 Cd、Co、Cu、Ni、Cr、Fe、Zn 和 Mn 的含量范围也为 0.06–1.89 µg/g、0.16–1.70 µg/g、3.19–23.99 µg/g， 0.57–23.29 µg/g、4.16–40.01 µg/g、s153.48–2817.5 µg/g、22.03–252.10 µg/g 和 4.50–214。26 µg/g，明显高于最大允许浓度。根据危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和致癌风险因子（CRs）计算致癌和非致癌健康风险。通过人们每天摄入的蔬菜，发现所有蔬菜中的危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均大于要求值 1（> 1），表明该蔬菜存在长期的健康风险。人口稠密地区通过食用从当地蔬菜市场获得的重金属污染的蔬菜。在勒克瑙的三个蔬菜市场出售的蔬菜中，镍、铬和镉的相应致癌风险因素 (CRs) 潜力显着较高。根据危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和致癌风险因子（CRs）计算致癌和非致癌健康风险。通过人们每天摄入的蔬菜，发现所有蔬菜中的危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均大于要求值 1（> 1），表明该蔬菜存在长期的健康风险。人口稠密地区通过食用从当地蔬菜市场获得的重金属污染的蔬菜。在勒克瑙的三个蔬菜市场出售的蔬菜中，镍、铬和镉的相应致癌风险因素 (CRs) 潜力显着较高。根据危害商数（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和致癌风险因子（CRs）计算致癌和非致癌健康风险。通过人们每天摄入的蔬菜，发现所有蔬菜中的危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均大于要求值 1（> 1），表明该蔬菜存在长期的健康风险。人口稠密地区通过食用从当地蔬菜市场获得的重金属污染的蔬菜。在勒克瑙的三个蔬菜市场出售的蔬菜中，镍、铬和镉的相应致癌风险因素 (CRs) 潜力显着较高。通过人们每天摄入的蔬菜，发现所有蔬菜中的危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均大于要求值 1（> 1），表明该蔬菜存在长期的健康风险。人口稠密地区通过食用从当地蔬菜市场获得的重金属污染的蔬菜。在勒克瑙的三个蔬菜市场出售的蔬菜中，镍、铬和镉的相应致癌风险因素 (CRs) 潜力显着较高。通过人们每天摄入的蔬菜，发现所有蔬菜中的危害商数（HQ）和危害指数（HI）均大于要求值 1（> 1），表明该蔬菜存在长期的健康风险。人口稠密地区通过食用从当地蔬菜市场获得的重金属污染的蔬菜。在勒克瑙的三个蔬菜市场出售的蔬菜中，镍、铬和镉的相应致癌风险因素 (CRs) 潜力显着较高。