Abstract

Agaricus bisporus is a popular edible mushroom that is cultivated worldwide. Due to its secondary homothallic nature, cultivated A. bisporus strains have low genetic diversity, and breeding novel strains is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of globally collected A. bisporus strains using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Agaricus bisporus strains were divided based on genetic distance-based groups and model-based subpopulations. The major allele frequency (MAF), number of genotypes (NG), number of alleles (NA), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated, and genetic distance, population structure, genetic differentiation, and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were assessed. Strains were divided into two groups by distance-based analysis and into three subpopulations by model-based analysis. Strains in subpopulations POP A and POP B were included in Group I, and strains in subpopulation POP C were included in Group II. Genetic differentiation between strains was 99%. Marker AB-gSSR-1057 in Group II and subpopulation POP C was confirmed to be in HWE. These results will enhance A. bisporus breeding programs and support the protection of genetic resources.

摘要

双孢蘑菇是一种广受欢迎的食用菌，在世界各地均有栽培。由于其次生同源性，栽培双孢菌菌株的遗传多样性较低，培育新菌株具有挑战性。本研究的目的是调查全球收集的A的遗传多样性和种群结构。使用简单序列重复 (SSR) 标记的双孢菌菌株。双孢蘑菇菌株根据基于遗传距离的组和基于模型的亚群进行划分。计算主要等位基因频率（MAF）、基因型数（NG）、等位基因数（NA）、观察杂合度（HO）、预期杂合度（HE）和多态信息含量（PIC），并计算遗传距离、种群结构、遗传分化和哈代-温伯格平衡（HWE）进行了评估。通过基于距离的分析将菌株分为两组，通过基于模型的分析分为三个亚群。POP A 和 POP B 亚群中的菌株被包括在 I 组中，POP C 亚群中的菌株被包括在 II 组中。菌株之间的遗传分化为99%。组 II 中的标记 AB-gSSR-1057 和亚群 POP C 被证实在 HWE 中。这些结果将增强A. 双孢菌育种计划并支持遗传资源的保护。