Objective

Three experiments sought to understand performance limitations in controlling a ship attempting to meet another moving ship that approached from various trajectories. The influence of uncertainty, resulting from occasional unpredictable delays in one’s own movement, was examined.

Background

Cognitive elements of rendezvous have been little studied. Related work such as the planning fallacy and bias toward underestimating time-to-contact imply a tendency toward late arrival at a rendezvous.

Methods

In a simplified simulation, participants controlled the speed and/or heading of their own ship once per scenario to try to rendezvous with another ship. Forty-five scenarios of approximately 30 s were conducted with different starting geometries and, in two of three experiments, with different frequencies and lengths of the unexpected delays.

Results

Perfect rendezvous were hard to obtain, with a general tendency to arrive late and pass behind the target vessel, although this was dependent on the angle of approach and relative speed. When occasional delays were introduced, less frequent but longer delays disrupted performance more than shorter but more frequent delays. Where delays were possible, but no delay occurred, there was no longer evidence of a general tendency to more frequently pass behind the target ship. Additionally, people did not wait to see if the unpredictable delays would occur before executing a course of action. Different control strategies were deployed and dual axis control was preferred.

Conclusions

The tendency to arrive late and the influence of the possibility of uncertain delays are discussed in relationship to control strategies.

中文翻译：

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时间不确定性下的会合

客观的

三个实验试图了解控制一艘试图与另一艘从不同轨迹接近的移动船只相遇的船只的性能限制。不确定性的影响，由一个人自己的运动中偶尔不可预测的延迟引起，进行了检查。

背景

很少有人研究会合的认知因素。相关工作，如计划谬误和低估联系时间的偏见，暗示了约会地点迟到的趋势。

方法

在简化的模拟中，参与者在每个场景中控制一次自己船只的速度和/或航向，以尝试与另一艘船会合。大约 30 秒的 45 个场景是用不同的起始几何形状进行的，并且在三个实验中的两个中，意外延迟的频率和长度不同。

结果

完美的会合点很难获得，通常会迟到并从目标船只后面经过，尽管这取决于接近角度和相对速度。当引入偶尔的延迟时，不太频繁但较​​长的延迟比较短但更频繁的延迟更能扰乱性能。在可能发生延误但没有发生延误的情况下，不再有证据表明有更频繁地从目标船后面经过的普遍趋势。此外，人们不会等着看是否会发生不可预知的延迟，然后再执行一项行动。部署了不同的控制策略，首选双轴控制。

结论

在与控制策略的关系中讨论了迟到的趋势和不确定延迟的可能性的影响。