Abstract Labor Visible and Invisible examines the process of concrete casting to discuss the invisible types of labor involved in the making of the formwork - something that is designed and constructed but invisible being removed from the final cast artifact, yet visible by virtue of having shaped, with fidelity in its negative form, the design intentions of the positive cast within it. Two concrete projects are elaborated, Lafayette 148 and Thermoplastic Concrete Casting. Both projects explore alternative techniques for formwork production to address design parameters that traditional methods fall short of accomplishing. Lafayette 148 also highlights when labor itself becomes the design criteria, to accommodate workers in a well-lit and well-ventilated environment for garment manufacturing. For the discussion on shifting modalities for design inquiry in architectural production (as in what constitute new forms of labor for designers) raised by Thermoplastic Concrete Casting, a similarly labor-intensive process for mold making for textile pleating is described. Here, the close alliance between clothing and architectural production offers an opportunity for textile pleating, advanced by the Japanese fashion designer Issey Miyake, to serve as an example where innovations and emergent forms of creative productions are possible when traditional methods are challenged. In this parallel read, questions emerge as to whether concrete forming, whose methods steeped in true and tried processes could be reinvested with new life - especially in light of new types of technology and fabrication tools that are available today.

中文翻译：

---

劳动可见和不可见

摘要 可见和不可见的劳动检查了混凝土浇筑的过程，以讨论模板制作过程中所涉及的不可见的劳动类型——某种设计和建造的东西，但从最终的铸造制品中被移除，但由于成型而可见，以其消极形式的保真度，其中积极演员的设计意图。制定了两个具体项目，Lafayette 148 和 Thermoplastic Concrete Casting。这两个项目都探索了模板生产的替代技术，以解决传统方法无法实现的设计参数。Lafayette 148 还强调了劳动力本身何时成为设计标准，以便为工人提供光线充足、通风良好的服装制造环境。为了讨论由 Thermoplastic Concrete Casting 提出的建筑生产中设计调查的转变模式（如设计师的新劳动形式），描述了一种类似的劳动密集型纺织褶皱模具制造过程。在这里，服装和建筑生产之间的紧密结合为日本时装设计师 Issey Miyake 提出的纺织褶皱提供了一个机会，作为一个例子，当传统方法受到挑战时，创新和新兴形式的创意生产是可能的。在这篇平行阅读中，出现了关于混凝土成型的问题，其方法浸入真实和尝试过的过程中，是否可以重新投资新的生命——尤其是考虑到当今可用的新型技术和制造工具。