Mobile applications are increasingly being built using web technologies as a common substrate to achieve portability and to improve developer productivity. Unfortunately, web applications often incur large performance overhead, directly affecting the user quality-of-service (QoS) experience. Traditional techniques in improving mobile processor performance have mostly been adopting desktop-like design techniques such as increasing single-core microarchitecture complexity and aggressively integrating more cores. However, such a desktop-oriented strategy is likely coming to an end due to the stringent energy and thermal constraints that mobile devices impose. Therefore, we must pivot away from traditional mobile processor design techniques in order to provide sustainable performance improvement while maintaining energy efficiency. In this article, we propose to combine hardware customization and specialization techniques to improve the performance and energy efficiency of mobile web applications. We first perform design-space exploration (DSE) and identify opportunities in customizing existing general-purpose mobile processors, that is, tuning microarchitecture parameters. The thorough DSE also lets us discover sources of energy inefficiency in customized general-purpose architectures. To mitigate these inefficiencies, we propose, synthesize, and evaluate two new domain-specific specializations, called the Style Resolution Unit and the Browser Engine Cache. Our optimizations boost performance and energy efficiency at the same time while maintaining general-purpose programmability. As emerging mobile workloads increasingly rely more on web technologies, the type of optimizations we propose will become important in the future and are likely to have a long-lasting and widespread impact.

中文翻译：

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针对节能移动 Web 计算优化通用 CPU

移动应用程序越来越多地使用 Web 技术作为通用基础来构建，以实现可移植性并提高开发人员的生产力。不幸的是，Web 应用程序通常会产生很大的性能开销，直接影响用户的服务质量 (QoS) 体验。提高移动处理器性能的传统技术大多采用类似桌面的设计技术，例如增加单核微架构复杂性和积极集成更多内核。然而，由于移动设备所施加的严格的能量和热量限制，这种面向桌面的策略可能会结束。因此，我们必须摆脱传统的移动处理器设计技术，以便在保持能源效率的同时提供可持续的性能改进。在本文中，我们建议结合硬件定制和专业化技术来提高移动 Web 应用程序的性能和能源效率。我们首先执行设计空间探索 (DSE) 并确定定制现有通用移动处理器的机会，即调整微架构参数。全面的 DSE 还让我们能够发现定制通用架构中能源效率低下的根源。为了减轻这些低效率，我们提出、综合和评估两个新的特定领域的专业化，称为样式解析单元和浏览器引擎缓存。我们的优化可同时提高性能和能源效率，同时保持通用可编程性。随着新兴的移动工作负载越来越依赖网络技术，