The theoretical debate on the nature of narrative has been mainly concerned with literary narratives, whereas forms of non-literary and especially pictorial narrativity have been somewhat neglected. In this paper, however, I shall discuss narrativity specifically with regard to pictorial objects in order to clarify how pictorial storytelling may be based on the activation of mentally stored action and scene schemas. Approaches from cognitive psychology, such as the work of Schank, Roger C. & Robert P. Abelson. 1977. Scripts, plans, goals and understanding . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Mandler, Jean Matter. 1984. Stories, scripts, and scenes: Aspects of schema theory . London/Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; Schank, Roger C. 1995. Tell me a story: Narrative and intelligence . Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, suggest that cognition crucially depends on the storage and retrieval of action scripts or schemata , that is, narrative structures, which may occur at various levels of abstraction. These schemas incorporate generalized knowledge about event sequences, such as the order in which specific events will take place; causal, enabling, or conventionalized relations between these events, and what kind of events occur in certain action sequences. There also are scene schemas that are characterized by spatial rather than temporal relations. Further kinds of schemas seem also to play a decisive role. Drawing upon considerations from schema and script theory, I will focus on some concrete examples of pictorial narration, more specifically depictions of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary , where narrative schema structures become involved and, indeed, the comprehensibility of the pictures as such presuppose mental script representations.

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图式和脚本在图画叙述中的作用

关于叙事性质的理论争论主要集中在文学叙事上，而非文学的形式，尤其是图画叙事则有些被忽视了。然而，在这篇论文中，我将专门针对图像对象来讨论叙事性，以阐明图像叙事如何基于心理存储的动作和场景图式的激活。来自认知心理学的方法，例如 Schank、Roger C. 和 Robert P. Abelson 的工作。1977. 脚本、计划、目标和理解。新泽西州希尔斯代尔：劳伦斯·埃尔鲍姆；曼德勒，让·马特。1984. 故事、脚本和场景：图式理论的方面。新泽西州伦敦/希尔斯代尔：劳伦斯·埃尔鲍姆；Schank, Roger C. 1995. 给我讲一个故事：叙事和智慧。伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿：西北大学出版社，表明认知关键取决于动作脚本或图式的存储和检索，即叙事结构，这可能发生在不同的抽象层次。这些模式结合了关于事件序列的一般知识，例如特定事件发生的顺序；这些事件之间的因果关系、促成关系或约定俗成的关系，以及在某些动作序列中发生的事件类型。还有一些场景图式以空间而不是时间关系为特征。更多种类的模式似乎也起着决定性的作用。基于图式和脚本理论的考虑，我将重点关注图画叙述的一些具体例子，更具体地描述圣母玛利亚的报喜，其中涉及叙述图式结构，事实上，