Natural systems are typically featured with tremendous molecular complexity and construct exquisite architectures and functional materials through precise spatial and temporal control. Supramolecular self-assembly from peptides and proteins is believed to be the key player. Thus, knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms driving peptides into vast functional hierarchical structures will certainly help the rational control of self-assembly process, leading to more precise structural organization and functional optimization. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress of this burgeoning field mainly from two directions: peptide-based self-assembly and co-assembly with other functional molecules, each part is further divided into two subparts and representative examples are given for each subpart according to their development timeline. At the end of each part, brief summaries of the closely related applications are outlined. For the closing remarks, we conclude with our own understanding of the area and perspectives are given based on recent developments. Overall, this review could be suitable for both new readers to gain a comprehensive overview of the area and experienced readers to get a summary of the development in short peptide self-assembly from particles to functional materials.

自然系统通常具有巨大的分子复杂性，并通过精确的空间和时间控制构建精美的结构和功能材料。肽和蛋白质的超分子自组装被认为是关键因素。因此，了解驱动肽进入巨大功能层次结构的基本机制肯定有助于自组装过程的合理控制，从而实现更精确的结构组织和功能优化。在这篇综述中，我们主要从两个方向简要总结了这一新兴领域的最新进展：基于肽的自组装和与其他功能分子的共组装，每个部分进一步分为两个子部分，每个子部分都给出了代表性的例子根据他们的开发时间表。在每个部分的末尾，都简要概述了密切相关的应用程序。对于结束语，我们以自己对该领域的理解作为结束，并根据最近的发展给出了观点。总的来说，这篇综述既适合新读者全面了解该领域，也适合有经验的读者总结短肽自组装从颗粒到功能材料的发展。