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High numerical aperture and large focusing efficiency metalens based on multilayer transmitarray elements
Optics and Lasers in Engineering ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2021.106734
Yong-Qiang Liu 1 , Jinhai Sun 1 , Yingchao Shu 2 , Lujun Wu 2 , Lan Lu 1 , Kainan Qi 1 , Yongxing Che 1 , Liangsheng Li 1 , Hongcheng Yin 1
Affiliation  

High numerical aperture (NA) metalenses with large focusing efficiency are crucial for various applications in modern optics and photonics, particularly in high resolution imaging, high directivity lasing process and so on. Recent progresses have been achieved in designing high NA metalenses which can surpass conventional ones but mainly in the visible and infrared regimes by using all-dielectric metasurfaces. Here, multilayer phase gradient metallic metasurfaces sandwiched by filling dielectrics are employed to design high NA and large efficiency metalenses in the low spectrums. Benefiting from its high transmission amplitude and the full phase control to the incident waves of the proposed gradient meta-atoms with a double split ring resonator, the designed ultra-thin and small footprint four-layer metalens (5λ × 5λ × 0.23λ, λ is wavelength) demonstrates a high NA in the order of 0.8 and the large focusing efficiency around 40% according to the full-wave simulations and experimental measurements. Furthermore, the influences of the dielectric thickness and the layer number of stacked meta-atoms on the presented high NA metalens are investigated. The results reveal that the NA of proposed metalens can be surprisingly further improved from 0.8 to 0.9 by increasing dielectric thickness and/or the focusing efficiency can be enhanced to above 50% by adding the layer number of the stacked meta-atoms. These findings also imply that our high NA metalens in low spectrum can be compatible to the standard printed circuit board fabrication and also posses of good robustness to the metasurface layer number. The presented work provides new vistas to develop high NA and large efficiency metalens in low microwave or Terahertz (THz) spectrum, where the metallic metasurfaces are commonly used. Besides, it can benefit to the development of various novel metadevices such as miniaturized high-gain lens antenna, compact cloaks and many others in modern microwave engineering and/or THz optics.



中文翻译:

基于多层发射阵元的高数值孔径大聚焦效率元透镜

具有大聚焦效率的高数值孔径 (NA) 超透镜对于现代光学和光子学的各种应用至关重要,特别是在高分辨率成像、高方向性激光工艺等方面。通过使用全介电超表面,在设计高 NA 超透镜方面取得了最新进展,该超透镜可以超越传统超透镜,但主要是在可见光和红外区域。在这里,多层相梯度金属由填充电介质夹在中间的超表面用于设计低光谱中的高数值孔径和大效率超透镜。受益于其高传输幅度和对所提出的具有双裂环谐振器的梯度超原子入射波的全相位控制,设计的超薄和小尺寸四层元透镜(5λ×5λ×0.23λ,λ是波长)根据全波模拟和实验测量显示出 0.8 量级的高 NA 和大约 40% 的大聚焦效率。此外,还研究了介电厚度和堆叠元原子层数对所提出的高 NA 元透镜的影响。结果表明,所提出的元透镜的 NA 可以令人惊讶地从 0.8 进一步提高到 0。图9通过增加电介质厚度和/或通过增加堆叠超原子的层数可以将聚焦效率提高到50%以上。这些发现还意味着我们在低光谱中的高 NA 超透镜可以与标准印刷电路板制造兼容,并且对超表面层数也具有良好的鲁棒性。所提出的工作为在低微波或太赫兹 (THz) 光谱中开发高 NA 和大效率超透镜提供了新的前景,其中金属超表面是常用的。此外,它还有助于开发各种新型元器件,例如小型化高增益透镜天线、紧凑型斗篷等现代微波工程和/或太赫兹光学中的许多其他器件。这些发现还意味着我们在低光谱中的高 NA 超透镜可以与标准印刷电路板制造兼容,并且对超表面层数也具有良好的鲁棒性。所提出的工作为在低微波或太赫兹 (THz) 光谱中开发高 NA 和大效率超透镜提供了新的前景,其中金属超表面是常用的。此外,它还有助于开发各种新型元器件,例如小型化高增益透镜天线、紧凑型斗篷等现代微波工程和/或太赫兹光学中的许多其他器件。这些发现还意味着我们在低光谱中的高 NA 超透镜可以与标准印刷电路板制造兼容,并且对超表面层数也具有良好的鲁棒性。所提出的工作为在低微波或太赫兹 (THz) 光谱中开发高 NA 和大效率超透镜提供了新的前景,其中金属超表面是常用的。此外,它还有助于开发各种新型元器件,例如小型化高增益透镜天线、紧凑型斗篷等现代微波工程和/或太赫兹光学中的许多其他器件。所提出的工作为在低微波或太赫兹 (THz) 光谱中开发高 NA 和大效率超透镜提供了新的前景,其中金属超表面是常用的。此外,它还有助于开发各种新型元器件,例如小型化高增益透镜天线、紧凑型斗篷等现代微波工程和/或太赫兹光学中的许多其他器件。所提出的工作为在低微波或太赫兹 (THz) 光谱中开发高 NA 和大效率超透镜提供了新的前景,其中金属超表面是常用的。此外,它还有助于开发各种新型元器件,例如小型化高增益透镜天线、紧凑型斗篷等现代微波工程和/或太赫兹光学中的许多其他器件。

更新日期:2021-07-07
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