In both criminal cases and civil cases, there is an increasing demand for the analysis of DNA mixtures involving relationships. The goal might be, for example, to identify the contributors to a DNA mixture where the donors may be related, or to infer the relationship between individuals based on a mixture. This paper introduces an approach to modelling and computation for DNA mixtures involving contributors with arbitrarily complex relationships. It builds on an extension of Jacquard's condensed coefficients of identity, to specify and compute with joint relationships, not only pairwise ones, including the possibility of inbreeding. The methodology developed is applied to two casework examples involving a missing person, and simulation studies of performance, in which the ability of the methodology to recover complex relationship information from synthetic data with known ‘true’ family structure is examined. The methods used to analyse the examples are implemented in the new KinMix R package that extends the DNAmixtures package to allow for modelling DNA mixtures with related contributors.

中文翻译：

---

使用来自 DNA 混合物的峰高数据推断复杂关系

在刑事案件和民事案件中，对涉及关系的 DNA 混合物进行分析的需求越来越大。例如，目标可能是确定供体可能相关的 DNA 混合物的贡献者，或根据混合物推断个体之间的关系。本文介绍了一种对涉及具有任意复杂关系的贡献者的 DNA 混合物进行建模和计算的方法。它建立在 Jacquard 浓缩身份系数的扩展之上，以指定和计算联合关系，不仅是成对关系，包括近亲繁殖的可能性。开发的方法应用于两个涉及失踪人员的案例，以及绩效模拟研究，其中检查了该方法从具有已知“真实”家族结构的合成数据中恢复复杂关系信息的能力。用于分析示例的方法在新的KinMix R包扩展了DNAmixtures包，以允许与相关贡献者对 DNA 混合物进行建模。