Heavy metal (HV) pollutants may migrate to the groundwater environment through leaching, causing groundwater pollution. Compared with surface water pollution, groundwater pollution is complex and hidden. Existing methods for treating HV pollution in the vadose zone have had limited application owing to various problems. In recent years, microorganisms have been used in the field of pollution control and remediation owing to their outstanding adsorption and degradation properties and low cost, but their environmental safety and behavior in porous media are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the migration behavior and mechanisms of copper ions in saturated porous media under the action of copper-resistant microorganisms and to establish a corresponding numerical model to simulate the results. The key parameters of adsorption and migration were determined through batch adsorption and soil column experiments. A one-dimensional soil column was used to conduct a co-migration experiment using copper-resistant microorganisms and Cu²⁺ in water-saturated quartz sand, and a co-migration mathematical model was constructed. It was found that the existence of microorganisms had an inhibitory effect on the migration of Cu²⁺ in quartz sand, and Cu²⁺ promoted the migration of microorganisms, reduced their adsorption, and increased their concentration in the column experiment effluent. The selected solute transport mathematical model had a good fitting effect on the breakthrough curves of copper ion and copper-resistant microorganisms during their co-migration. The results can provide parameters and a theoretical basis for the risk assessment and prevention of HV pollution in the saturated zone or aquifers.

重金属（HV）污染物可能通过浸出迁移到地下水环境中，造成地下水污染。与地表水污染相比，地下水污染复杂且隐蔽。由于各种问题，现有的处理包气带高压污染的方法应用有限。近年来，微生物已被用于污染控制领域由于其出色的吸附和降解性能以及低成本，它们的修复和修复，但它们在多孔介质中的环境安全性和行为仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在研究铜离子在抗铜微生物作用下在饱和多孔介质中的迁移行为和机理，并建立相应的数值模型对结果进行模拟。通过批量吸附和土柱实验确定吸附和迁移的关键参数。利用一维土柱进行抗铜微生物与Cu ²⁺的共迁移实验在饱和水石英砂中，建立了共迁移数学模型。发现微生物的存在对石英砂中Cu ²⁺的迁移有抑制作用，Cu ²⁺促进微生物的迁移，减少其吸附，增加其在柱实验流出物中的浓度。所选溶质运移数学模型对铜离子与抗铜微生物共运移过程中的穿透曲线拟合效果良好。研究结果可为饱和带或含水层高压污染的风险评估和防治提供参数和理论依据。