1. Non-structural deterrents may limit invasive fish dispersal and range expansion without altering waterflow or navigation. Despite extensive research in laboratory and artificial environments, few studies have been conducted in situ and, of those, few have evaluated the full community response of fishes interacting with the deterrent. We deployed acoustic deterrents within a physical trap-and-sort fishway at Cootes Paradise, Ontario, Canada, to determine the avoidance responses of a community of fishes attempting to disperse into the wetland.
2. To test the effectiveness of an acoustic deterrent, the catch rates of fishes entering Cootes Paradise were compared when the deterrent was off (control) and on (treatment). Community diversity was fit to candidate generalised linear models, and common carp catch abundance was fit to candidate generalised additive models, both of which were compared with backwards selection. The presence of a phylogenetic signal in fish responses was assessed with Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K indices of trait evolution.
3. Over 11,500 fishes, representing 16 species and 12 families, were captured. The acoustic deterrent did not alter the Shannon diversity of fishes challenging the fishway, but a significant phylogenetic signal in species-specific avoidance responses was observed. There was a modest decrease in the catch rates of common carp (ambient trials = 1.03 fish/hr, deterrent trials = 0.84 fish/hr), a species of major management concern.
4. Fish avoidance responses to acoustic deterrents were widely variable, and species specific. The avoidance response of common carp, the target species, was weak, probably due to a complex acoustic environment surrounding the fishway. Group size did not alter deterrent efficacy, but precipitation, water temperature, and turbidity did.
5. Our study successfully quantified acoustic deterrent responses across an entire community of wetland fishes, including both native and invasive species. We are the first to demonstrate that there is a phylogenetic component to deterrent responses across species. We also identify environmental parameters that alter deterrent efficacy in the field, and describe important considerations for the deployment of non-structural deterrents in the field.

中文翻译：

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在鱼类群落对鲤鱼声学威慑剂的反应中发现的系统发育信号

1. 非结构性威慑可能会在不改变水流或航行的情况下限制入侵鱼类的扩散和范围扩大。尽管在实验室和人工环境中进行了大量研究，但很少进行原位研究，其中很少有人评估鱼类与威慑物相互作用的完整群落反应。我们在加拿大安大略省 Cootes Paradise 的物理诱捕和分类鱼道内部署了声学威慑物，以确定试图分散到湿地的鱼类群落的回避反应。
2. 为了测试声威慑的有效性，比较了威慑关闭（控制）和开启（处理）时进入库特斯天堂的鱼类的捕获率。群落多样性拟合候选广义线性模型，鲤鱼捕捞丰度拟合候选广义加性模型，两者均与反向选择进行比较。用 Pagel's λ 和 Blomberg's K 性状进化指数评估鱼类反应中系统发育信号的存在。
3. 共捕获了16 种12 科11,500 多条鱼类。声威慑并没有改变挑战鱼道的鱼类的香农多样性，但观察到物种特异性回避反应中的显着系统发育信号。鲤鱼的捕获率略有下降（环境试验 = 1.03 条鱼/小时，威慑试验 = 0.84 条鱼/小时），这是一种主要的管理问题。
4. 鱼类对声威慑的回避反应变化很大，并且具有特定的物种。目标物种鲤鱼的回避反应较弱，可能是由于鱼道周围复杂的声学环境所致。群体大小不会改变威慑效果，但降水、水温和浊度会改变。
5. 我们的研究成功地量化了整个湿地鱼类群落的声威慑反应，包括本地和入侵物种。我们是第一个证明存在系统发育成分来威慑跨物种反应的人。我们还确定了改变现场威慑效果的环境参数，并描述了在现场部署非结构性威慑力量的重要考虑因素。