The nanomaterials intrinsic enzyme-like activity has gained enormous traction since its discovery in 2007 by Gao and colleagues. The wide range of applications with nanozymes made it more attractive among the scientific community across the world. The area of artificial-enzymes is still evolving, with the development of Single-Atom Nanozymes (SANs), and there is a lot of opportunity in the design and development of SANs that has plenty of real-time applications. The irregular active site distribution or truncated densities of active sites present on the surface of nanozymes can be result in the reduced activity and specificity of nanozymes. Individually spreading these active sites evenly on a solid support will help to curtail the uneven distribution of active sites, resulting in the formation of SANs. SANs, like homogeneous catalysts, are very effective and active due to the nearly uniform distribution of active sites on solid support, and their recovery and recyclability, like heterogeneous catalysts, make them green and sustainable. This review provides a brief overview of architecture, synthesis, and implementations of SANs in various fields. Also, the possibility of SANs in environmental catalysis is discussed along with the key challenges and prospects lying ahead in this field.

自从高和同事于 2007 年发现纳米材料内在的酶样活性以来，它获得了巨大的关注。纳米酶的广泛应用使其在世界各地的科学界中更具吸引力。随着单原子纳米酶 (SAN) 的发展，人工酶领域仍在不断发展，并且在具有大量实时应用的 SAN 的设计和开发方面有很多机会。存在于纳米酶表面的活性位点分布不规则或截断密度会导致纳米酶的活性和特异性降低。将这些活性位点单独均匀地分布在固体载体上将有助于减少活性位点的不均匀分布，从而形成 SAN。SAN，如均相催化剂，由于活性位点在固体载体上几乎均匀分布，因此非常有效和活跃，而且它们的回收和可回收性，就像多相催化剂一样，使它们变得绿色和可持续。本综述简要概述了 SAN 在各个领域的架构、综合和实现。此外，还讨论了 SAN 在环境催化中的可能性以及该领域面临的主要挑战和前景。