ABSTRACT

This paper studies performance differences between immigrants working in the regular Canadian labour market and those in the ethnic enclave sector of the economy. First, by studying the effects of education and race on the weekly wage earnings, I find that the returns to education are greater and being a visible minority carries less of a wage penalty for immigrants working in the regular sector compared with those in the enclave sector. Moreover, taking the AMEs (Average Marginal Effects) studies, I document different effects of education and race on both earnings and job segment for these two types of immigrants and propose an explanation. After this, I compute task supply and wage gaps between different types of immigrants in three census years to show differences in assimilation by immigration cohort. Finally, I use regression models to study immigrants’ task supply and weekly wages so that we can have a fuller view of the differences in performance between immigrants working in the regular and enclave sectors. I also use these models to analyse differences between immigrants and natives in Canada.

摘要

本文研究了在加拿大常规劳动力市场工作的移民与在经济的种族飞地部门工作的移民之间的绩效差异。首先，通过研究教育和种族对每周工资收入的影响，我发现与飞地部门的移民相比，教育的回报更大，而且作为一个可见的少数群体，在正规部门工作的移民的工资惩罚更少. 此外，通过 AME（平均边际效应）研究，我记录了教育和种族对这两种类型移民的收入和工作细分的不同影响，并提出了解释。在此之后，我计算了三个人口普查年度不同类型移民之间的任务供应和工资差距，以显示不同移民群体的同化差异。最后，我使用回归模型来研究移民的任务供给和周薪，以便我们可以更全面地了解在正规部门和飞地部门工作的移民之间的绩效差异。我还使用这些模型来分析加拿大移民和本地人之间的差异。