This paper presents the experimental analysis of stability and rheological studies of three different types of nanoparticles (Al₂O₃, CuO, and TiO₂) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based nanofluids. The two-step method was adopted for the preparation of nanofluids. In the present study, nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The sedimentation tests and UV–Vis absorbance tests were performed to predict the stability of nanofluids. For all prepared nanofluids when CMC concentration was zero, TiO₂ nanofluids was found to be more stable in the visual tests for a period of 18–20 days and CMC (0.4 % by weight) -based TiO₂ nanofluid took 28–30 days to sediment. For rheological study of nanofluids, viscosity was measured under the influence of increasing particle concentration (0.01 % to 0.04 %) and increasing temperature (25 °C to 55 °C). The experimental results reveal that on increasing particle concentration the viscosity of nanofluids increases by 27 %, 21.5 % and 17.4 % for TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and CuO nanofluids respectively as compared to the base fluid. While on the increasing temperature from 25 °C to 55 °C, the viscosity of nanofluids decreases by 11 %, 12 % and 9 % for Al₂O₃, CuO, and TiO₂, respectively. Moreover, from the shear stress vs. shear rate trends, it was concluded that all three nanofluids exhibit pseudoplastic or shear-thinning nature.

本文介绍了三种不同类型的纳米粒子（Al ₂ O ₃、CuO 和 TiO ₂）与基于羧甲基纤维素 (CMC) 的纳米流体的稳定性和流变学研究的实验分析。采用两步法制备纳米流体。在本研究中，纳米粒子通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析进行表征。进行沉降测试和UV-Vis吸光度测试以预测纳米流体的稳定性。对于所有制备的纳米流体，当 CMC 浓度为零时，发现TiO ₂纳米流体在 18-20 天的视觉测试中更稳定，而基于 CMC（0.4 重量％）的 TiO ₂纳米流体需要 28-30 天才能沉淀。对于纳米流体的流变学研究，在增加颗粒浓度（0.01% 到 0.04%）和增加温度（25°C 到 55°C）的影响下测量粘度。实验结果表明，随着颗粒浓度的增加，TiO ₂、Al ₂ O ₃和CuO纳米流体的粘度与基液相比分别增加了27%、21.5%和17.4% 。当温度从 25 °C 升高到 55 °C 时，Al ₂ O ₃、CuO 和 TiO ₂纳米流体的粘度分别降低了 11 %、12 % 和 9 %， 分别。此外，根据剪切应力与剪切速率的趋势，可以得出结论，所有三种纳米流体都表现出假塑性或剪切稀化性质。