The crisis generated by the emergence and pandemic spread of COVID-19 has thrown into the global spotlight the dangers associated with novel diseases, as well as the key role of animals, especially wild animals, as potential sources of pathogens to humans. There is a widespread demand for a new relationship with wild and domestic animals, including suggested bans on hunting, wildlife trade, wet markets or consumption of wild animals. However, such policies risk ignoring essential elements of the problem as well as alienating and increasing hardship for local communities across the world, and might be unachievable at scale. There is thus a need for a more complex package of policy and practical responses. We undertook a solution scan to identify and collate 161 possible options for reducing the risks of further epidemic disease transmission from animals to humans, including potential further SARS-CoV-2 transmission (original or variants). We include all categories of animals in our responses (i.e. wildlife, captive, unmanaged/feral and domestic livestock and pets) and focus on pathogens (especially viruses) that, once transmitted from animals to humans, could acquire epidemic potential through high rates of human-to-human transmission. This excludes measures to prevent well-known zoonotic diseases, such as rabies, that cannot readily transmit between humans. We focused solutions on societal measures, excluding the development of vaccines and other preventive therapeutic medicine and veterinary medicine options that are discussed elsewhere. We derived our solutions through reading the scientific literature, NGO position papers, and industry guidelines, collating our own experiences, and consulting experts in different fields. Herein, we review the major zoonotic transmission pathways and present an extensive list of options. The potential solutions are organised according to the key stages of the trade chain and encompass solutions that can be applied at the local, regional and international scales. This is a set of options targeted at practitioners and policy makers to encourage careful examination of possible courses of action, validating their impact and documenting outcomes.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 后：预防未来人畜共患病流行的解决方案扫描

COVID-19 的出现和大流行所产生的危机使全球关注与新型疾病相关的危险，以及动物，特别是野生动物作为人类病原体潜在来源的关键作用。人们普遍要求与野生动物和家养动物建立新的关系，包括建议禁止狩猎、野生动物贸易、湿货市场或食用野生动物。然而，此类政策可能会忽视问题的基本要素，并疏远和增加世界各地当地社区的困难，并且可能无法大规模实现。因此，需要更复杂的一揽子政策和实际应对措施。我们进行了解决方案扫描，以识别和整理 161 种可能的选择，以降低从动物到人类的进一步流行病传播风险，包括潜在的 SARS-CoV-2 进一步传播（原始或变体）。我们将所有类别的动物纳入我们的应对措施（即野生动物、圈养、未管理/野生的家畜和宠物），并重点关注病原体（尤其是病毒），一旦从动物传播给人类，可能会通过高比例的人类感染而获得流行病- 人传人。这不包括预防众所周知的人畜共患病的措施，例如狂犬病，这些疾病不能轻易在人类之间传播。我们将解决方案的重点放在社会措施上，不包括其他地方讨论的疫苗和其他预防性治疗药物和兽医药物的开发。我们通过阅读科学文献、非政府组织立场文件和行业指南，整理我们自己的经验，咨询不同领域的专家，得出我们的解决方案。在此，我们回顾了主要的人畜共患病传播途径，并提供了广泛的选择列表。潜在解决方案根据贸易链的关键阶段进行组织，包括可在当地、区域和国际范围内应用的解决方案。这是一组针对从业者和政策制定者的选项，以鼓励仔细检查可能的行动方案，验证其影响并记录结果。我们回顾了主要的人畜共患病传播途径，并提供了广泛的选择清单。潜在解决方案根据贸易链的关键阶段进行组织，包括可在当地、区域和国际范围内应用的解决方案。这是一组针对从业者和政策制定者的选项，以鼓励仔细检查可能的行动方案，验证其影响并记录结果。我们回顾了主要的人畜共患病传播途径，并提供了广泛的选择清单。潜在解决方案根据贸易链的关键阶段进行组织，包括可在当地、区域和国际范围内应用的解决方案。这是一组针对从业者和政策制定者的选项，以鼓励仔细检查可能的行动方案，验证其影响并记录结果。