This paper presents results of the research carried out on a system made to pretreat the effluents produced in water treatment of dirty surfaces of railway transportation means (RTMs) mainly G, H, T and incidental F classes of rolling stock according to the International Union of Railways (IURs). The installation was designed for coagulation–flocculation pretreatment of wastewater with flow accelator reactor (AR) in total amount of up to 75.0 m³ day⁻¹. The raw wastewater (RW) was characterized by a significant diversity of loads: TSS (total suspended solids), TDS (total dissolved solids), COD & BOD₅ (chemical & biochemical oxygen demand) and periodically it had extremely different colors, T_a (turbidity) and EE (etheric extract). The application of two-stage, coupled acid-alkali or alkaline-acid coagulation using aluminum coagulants with final flocculation and phase separation in the system implemented in practice to treat the wastewater of statistically typical composition, usually allowed to removal, accordingly: EE & TSS > 99% and to eliminate completely color and T_a. However, COD and BOD₅ were removal at different levels, depending on both initial concentrations and chemical composition of load pools registered in the RW, and a type of coagulation used. The use of pre-oxidation with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid coupled with coagulation based only on aluminum coagulants helps to achieve equal levels of removal of the basic indicator values and a sanitary clean stream of pretreated wastewater (PW) with a colony forming unit (CFU) of <100 ml⁻¹.

本文介绍了对铁路运输工具 (RTM) 脏表面水处理中产生的废水进行预处理的系统的研究结果，该系统主要是 G、H、T 和附带的 F 级机车车辆，根据国际联盟铁路 (IUR)。该装置设计用于使用流量加速器反应器 (AR) 对废水进行混凝-絮凝预处理，总量高达 75.0 m ³ 天^-1。原废水 (RW) 的特征在于负载的显着多样性：TSS（总悬浮固体）、TDS（总溶解固体）、COD 和 BOD ₅（化学和生化需氧量），并且周期性地具有极其不同的颜色，T _a（浊度）和 EE（醚提取物）。使用铝混凝剂的两级、酸碱或碱酸耦合混凝在系统中的应用，最终絮凝和相分离在实践中用于处理具有统计典型成分的废水，通常允许去除，因此：EE & TSS > 99% 并完全消除颜色和 T _a。然而，COD 和 BOD ₅根据 RW 中登记的负载池的初始浓度和化学成分，以及所使用的凝结类型，它们在不同水平上被去除。使用过氧化氢或过氧乙酸的水溶液进行预氧化，并结合仅基于铝混凝剂的混凝，有助于实现基本指标值的同等去除水平，以及形成菌落的预处理废水 (PW) 的卫生清洁流<100 ml ^{-1 的}单位（CFU）。