Pluralism is deployed to govern migration across the Global North and Global South in contradictory ways. Fearing the arrival of migrants on its own shores – a threat to its biopolitical constitution – Europe deploys discourses of pluralism in the Global South to encourage migrants en route to Europe to sedentarize in “transit” countries like Sudan. Neoliberal development projects propagate the virtues of pluralism to host communities in Sudan, who are exhorted to view migrants as potential economic assets. Yet, in the context of Europe those same migrants continue to be seen as an economic and racial threat. While a lack of skills and entrepreneurialism are framed as the “root cause” of migration to Europe, migrants are paradoxically presented as trainable and therefore economically productive in the Global South. This article offers a critical examination of consolidating migration management practices in Sudan, their imbrication with development projects, and the racial anxieties they evoke in both Europe and in “transit” countries. It homes in on not only populations headed towards Europe, but those intending to remain in Sudan, notably Syrians, and explores the lessons and aporias of Sudan's hitherto open-door policy towards the latter.

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关于移民问题

多元主义被用来以相互矛盾的方式管理全球北方和全球南方的移民。由于担心移民抵达自己的海岸——对其生命政治宪法构成威胁——欧洲在全球南方部署了多元化的话语，以鼓励前往欧洲的移民在苏丹等“过境”国家定居。新自由主义发展项目向苏丹的东道社区宣传多元化的优点，他们被劝告将移民视为潜在的经济资产。然而，在欧洲的背景下，同样的移民继续被视为经济和种族威胁。虽然缺乏技能和创业精神被认为是移民到欧洲的“根本原因”，但自相矛盾的是，移民在全球南方被认为是可训练的，因此具有经济生产力。本文对巩固苏丹的移民管理实践、它们与发展项目的结合以及它们在欧洲和“过境”国家引起的种族焦虑进行了批判性审查。它不仅关注前往欧洲的人口，还关注那些打算留在苏丹的人，尤其是叙利亚人，并探讨苏丹迄今对后者开放政策的教训和困境。