Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is multifactorial and can result from sepsis, trauma, or pneumonia, amongst other primary pathologies. It is one of the major causes of death in critically ill patients with a reported mortality rate up to 45%. The present study focuses on the development of a large animal model of smoke inhalation-induced ARDS in an effort to provide the scientific community with a reliable, reproducible large animal model of isolated toxic inhalation injury-induced ARDS. Animals (n = 21) were exposed to smoke under general anesthesia for 1 to 2 h (median smoke exposure = 0.5 to 1 L of oak wood smoke) after the ultrasound-guided placement of carotid, pulmonary, and femoral artery catheters. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), vital signs, and ventilator parameters were monitored throughout the procedure. Chest x-ray, carotid, femoral and pulmonary artery blood samples were collected before, during, and after smoke exposure. Animals were euthanized and lung tissue collected for analysis 48 h after smoke inhalation. Animals developed ARDS 48 h after smoke inhalation as reflected by a decrease in SpO2 by approximately 31%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio by approximately 208 (50%), and development of bilateral, diffuse infiltrates on chest x-ray. Study animals also demonstrated a significant increase in IL-6 level, lung tissue injury score and wet/dry ratio, as well as changes in other arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters. This study reports, for the first time, a novel large animal model of isolated smoke inhalation-induced ARDS without confounding variables such as cutaneous burn injury. Use of this unique model may be of benefit in studying the pathophysiology of inhalation injury or for development of novel therapeutics.

中文翻译：

---

一种新型的烟雾吸入性急性呼吸窘迫综合征大型动物模型

急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 是多因素的，可能由败血症、外伤或肺炎等主要病理引起。它是重症患者死亡的主要原因之一，据报道死亡率高达 45%。本研究的重点是开发烟雾吸入性 ARDS 大型动物模型，努力为科学界提供可靠、可重复的孤立性毒性吸入性损伤性 ARDS 大型动物模型。在超声引导下放置颈动脉、肺动脉和股动脉导管后，动物（n = 21）在全身麻醉下暴露于烟雾中 1 至 2 小时（中位烟雾暴露量 = 0.5 至 1 升橡木烟）。在整个过程中监测外周血氧饱和度 (SpO2)、生命体征和呼吸机参数。胸部 X 光检查，在烟雾暴露之前、之中和之后收集颈动脉、股动脉和肺动脉血样。动物被安乐死并在吸入烟雾后 48 小时收集肺组织用于分析。动物在吸入烟雾后 48 小时出现 ARDS，表现为 SpO2 降低约 31%，PaO2/FiO2 比值降低约 208 (50%)，并且在胸部 ​​X 光片上出现双侧弥漫性浸润。研究动物还表现出 IL-6 水平、肺组织损伤评分和湿/干比的显着增加，以及其他动脉血气 (ABG) 参数的变化。本研究首次报告了一种新型的孤立烟雾吸入诱发 ARDS 大型动物模型，该模型不会混淆皮肤烧伤等变量。