Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultra-filtrated colorless brain fluid that circulates within brain spaces like the ventricular cavities, subarachnoid space, and the spine. Its continuous flow serves many primary functions, including nourishment, brain protection, and waste removal. The abnormal accumulation of CSF in brain cavities triggers severe hydrocephalus. Accumulating evidence had indicated that synchronized beats of motile cilia (cilia from multiciliated cells or the ependymal lining in brain ventricles) provide forceful pressure to generate and restrain CSF flow and maintain overall CSF circulation within brain spaces. In humans, the disorders caused by defective primary and/or motile cilia are generally referred to as ciliopathies. The key role of CSF circulation in brain development and its functioning has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we briefly discuss the underlying role of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. We have reviewed cilia and ciliated cells in the brain and the existing evidence for the regulatory role of functional cilia in CSF circulation in the brain. We further discuss the findings obtained for defective cilia and their potential involvement in hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this review will reinforce the idea of motile cilia as master regulators of CSF movements, brain development, and neuronal diseases.

中文翻译：

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活动纤毛在脑脊液循环和脑积水中的调节作用

脑脊液 (CSF) 是一种超滤过的无色脑液，在脑腔、蛛网膜下腔和脊柱等脑空间内循环。它的连续流动具有许多主要功能，包括营养、大脑保护和废物清除。脑腔内脑脊液的异常积聚会引发严重的脑积水。越来越多的证据表明，活动纤毛（来自多纤毛细胞或脑室室管膜内层的纤毛）的同步跳动提供了强大的压力，以产生和抑制 CSF 流动并维持脑空间内的整体 CSF 循环。在人类中，由有缺陷的原发性纤毛和/或活动纤毛引起的疾病通常被称为纤毛病。脑脊液循环在大脑发育及其功能中的关键作用尚未完全阐明。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了活动纤毛在脑脊液循环和脑积水中的潜在作用。我们回顾了大脑中的纤毛和纤毛细胞，以及功能性纤毛在大脑 CSF 循环中的调节作用的现有证据。我们进一步讨论了纤毛缺陷的发现及其与脑积水的潜在关系。此外，本综述将强化活动纤毛作为脑脊液运动、大脑发育和神经元疾病的主要调节器的观点。我们进一步讨论了纤毛缺陷的发现及其与脑积水的潜在关系。此外，本综述将强化活动纤毛作为脑脊液运动、大脑发育和神经元疾病的主要调节器的观点。我们进一步讨论了纤毛缺陷的发现及其与脑积水的潜在关系。此外，本综述将强化活动纤毛作为脑脊液运动、大脑发育和神经元疾病的主要调节器的观点。