The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders. Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases. A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases. Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.

中文翻译：

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幽闭神经回路之谜及其在神经退行性病理学中作用的最新进展


屏状核是参与形成多个皮质和皮质下神经微回路的结构，这些微回路可能涉及意识感觉和奖励行为等功能。屏状核被视为多模态信息处理网络。屏状体的病理学可见于某些神经系统疾病。迄今为止，还没有足够全面的研究来包含有关屏状核参与神经系统疾病发展的准确信息。我们的综述旨在提供有关屏状体解剖学、本体发生、细胞结构、神经网络及其与神经系统疾病发病率的功能关系的最新信息。使用 Google Scholar、PubMed、NCBI MedLine 和 eLibrary 数据库进行文献综述。尽管新方法使得在分子、遗传和表观遗传水平上研究屏状体成为可能，但对其功能和连接性仍然知之甚少。解剖位置、相对均匀的细胞结构和庞大的连接网络表明屏状体在输入信息的整合和处理以及连贯知觉的形成中发挥着不同的作用。多项研究表明，神经退行性疾病（例如帕金森病 (PD)、阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、自闭症、精神分裂症和抑郁症）中屏状体的外观、结构和体积会发生变化。考虑到屏状核的结构、本体发生和功能，这篇文献综述提供了理解这种结构在大脑功能和行为中的关键作用的见解。